Pharmacology

Abstract Spina bifida is one of the congenital neural tube defects that can lead to loss of bladder control, also known as neurogenic bladder. This can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections and subsequent renal function decline if not properly managed. Proper management may include pharmacological care that aims to prevent improper drainage of the bladder directly by utilizing agents such as anticholinergics, urinary antispasmodics, and botulism toxins. In addition to direct care, patients with neurogenic bladder also may require bowel regimens because of concurrent instances of neurogenic bowels.