{"title":"Chuvashia共和国粮食作物直接(免耕)播种效率研究","authors":"A. Volkov, L. N. Prokhorova, V. V. Selyunin","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-84-1-89-93","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out in order to identify the efficiency of direct (no-till) sowing of grain crops after potatoes on medium loamy gray forest soils with 2.33 % of humus, 210 mg/kg of mobile phosphorus, 162 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium and 6.6 units of acidity. The objects of study were winter and spring wheat, spring barley for brewing and fodder, maize for grain and silage. The sowing complex ‘Amazone Primera DMC’ has carried out direct (no-till) sowing of disease-treated seeds with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. Grain crop treatment to control weeds, pests, and diseases, as well as top dressing with macro- and micro-fertilizers were aimed at obtaining the maximum productivity of each grain crop. The hydrothermal coefficient in the 2020 growing year was 1.04, in 2021 it was 0.60 and in 2022 it was 1.05. Harvesting was carried out in the phase of full ripening of grain and milky-wax ripeness of cobs when laying maize silage. On average, the largest (3.85 t/ha) grain productivity when using direct (no-till) sowing was produced by maize, and the least yields (2.00 t/ha) were given by brewing barley. In the production of these crops, there have been identified maximum (2.72) and minimum (1.99) energy efficiency coefficients. An economic estimation has shown the feasibility of direct (no-till) sowing of winter wheat, where the maximum (68.4 %) level of profitability was established. The minimum (14.8 %) level of profitability was found in the cultivation of brewing barley, which could be explained by the high degree of material and labor costs and low productivity. The profitability of the production of other crops was lower in 1.21-3.39 times. In general, agroeconomic and energy analysis has proved a high efficiency of direct (no-till) sowing in the cultivation of winter wheat and maize after potatoes in the agro-climatic conditions of the Republic Chuvashia.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Study of the efficiency of direct (no-till) sowing of grain crops in the Republic of Chuvashia\",\"authors\":\"A. Volkov, L. N. Prokhorova, V. V. 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Harvesting was carried out in the phase of full ripening of grain and milky-wax ripeness of cobs when laying maize silage. On average, the largest (3.85 t/ha) grain productivity when using direct (no-till) sowing was produced by maize, and the least yields (2.00 t/ha) were given by brewing barley. In the production of these crops, there have been identified maximum (2.72) and minimum (1.99) energy efficiency coefficients. An economic estimation has shown the feasibility of direct (no-till) sowing of winter wheat, where the maximum (68.4 %) level of profitability was established. The minimum (14.8 %) level of profitability was found in the cultivation of brewing barley, which could be explained by the high degree of material and labor costs and low productivity. The profitability of the production of other crops was lower in 1.21-3.39 times. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究旨在确定在腐殖质含量为2.33%、流动磷含量为210 mg/kg、交换钾含量为162 mg/kg、酸度为6.6单位的中等壤土灰色森林土壤上马铃薯后直接(免耕)播种谷物作物的效率。研究对象为冬小麦和春小麦,酿造和饲料用春大麦,谷物和青贮用玉米。“Amazone Primera DMC”播种综合体在施用矿质肥料的同时,直接(免耕)播种了患病种子。粮食作物的杂草、病虫害防治和施用宏、微肥追肥的目的是使每一种粮食作物获得最大的生产力。2020生长期热液系数为1.04,2021年为0.60,2022年为1.05。玉米青贮时,在籽粒完全成熟和玉米棒乳蜡成熟阶段进行收获。直接(免耕)播种时,玉米产量最高(3.85 t/公顷),酿造大麦产量最低(2.00 t/公顷)。在这些作物的生产中,已经确定了最高(2.72)和最低(1.99)的能源效率系数。经济估算表明,冬小麦直接(免耕)播种是可行的,其收益率最高(68.4%)。酿造大麦的利润率最低(14.8%),这可以解释为材料和人工成本高,生产率低。其他作物的生产盈利能力较低,为1.21-3.39倍。总的来说,农业经济和能源分析证明,在Chuvashia共和国的农业气候条件下,马铃薯后种植冬小麦和玉米的直接(免耕)播种效率很高。
Study of the efficiency of direct (no-till) sowing of grain crops in the Republic of Chuvashia
The current study was carried out in order to identify the efficiency of direct (no-till) sowing of grain crops after potatoes on medium loamy gray forest soils with 2.33 % of humus, 210 mg/kg of mobile phosphorus, 162 mg/kg of exchangeable potassium and 6.6 units of acidity. The objects of study were winter and spring wheat, spring barley for brewing and fodder, maize for grain and silage. The sowing complex ‘Amazone Primera DMC’ has carried out direct (no-till) sowing of disease-treated seeds with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. Grain crop treatment to control weeds, pests, and diseases, as well as top dressing with macro- and micro-fertilizers were aimed at obtaining the maximum productivity of each grain crop. The hydrothermal coefficient in the 2020 growing year was 1.04, in 2021 it was 0.60 and in 2022 it was 1.05. Harvesting was carried out in the phase of full ripening of grain and milky-wax ripeness of cobs when laying maize silage. On average, the largest (3.85 t/ha) grain productivity when using direct (no-till) sowing was produced by maize, and the least yields (2.00 t/ha) were given by brewing barley. In the production of these crops, there have been identified maximum (2.72) and minimum (1.99) energy efficiency coefficients. An economic estimation has shown the feasibility of direct (no-till) sowing of winter wheat, where the maximum (68.4 %) level of profitability was established. The minimum (14.8 %) level of profitability was found in the cultivation of brewing barley, which could be explained by the high degree of material and labor costs and low productivity. The profitability of the production of other crops was lower in 1.21-3.39 times. In general, agroeconomic and energy analysis has proved a high efficiency of direct (no-till) sowing in the cultivation of winter wheat and maize after potatoes in the agro-climatic conditions of the Republic Chuvashia.