Performance of three-way maize hybrids across different agro-ecologies

ABSTRACT The rising demand for maize (Zea mays L.) in West and Central Africa (WCA) requires the availability of economical, adaptable, and high-yielding hybrids in the sub-region. The screening of maize hybrids in multi-environment trials (METs) is necessary for proper varietal selection. The aim of our study was to evaluate three-way maize hybrids for stability of performance across varied agro-ecologies. Forty-five three-way maize hybrids, along with 11 commercial hybrid checks, were evaluated in Zaria (Northern Guinea Savanna), Kisi (Southern Guinea Savanna), Eruwa (Derived Savanna), and Ibadan (Rainforest transition) in Nigeria in 2015. Data on grain yield were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was employed to explore the genotype × environment interaction (GEI). Combined ANOVA showed that variation attributable to locations, genotypes, and GEI was significant (p ≤ 0.01). Hybrid G22 had 6% to 11% yield advantage over the commercial hybrids SC719 and OBA SUPER 1, whereas hybrids G45, G44, and G42 had 18% to 22% higher yield than the commercial hybrid OBA SUPER 2. GGE biplot identified three location groups, with G46, G22, and G2 being the most adapted hybrids in their respective sectors. GGE biplot analysis adjudged G45, G14, and G13 to be the best combiners of high yield and stability across the test locations. The identified hybrids have the potential to increase maize production and meet the rising local demand for maize in WCA.