不同来源、用途和植物品种杂交获得的春大麦F1穗粒数的遗传

T. Polishchuk, V. Hudzenko
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引用次数: 1

摘要

意图揭示不同产地、不同用途、不同植物品种春大麦杂交后代穗粒数的遗传特点,并对改良该性状的有效遗传源进行区分。方法。这项研究于2019年和2020年在乌克兰国家农业科学院M.Remeslo Myronivka小麦研究所进行。在两个双列杂交方案中,测定了春大麦F1代的表型显性程度、遗传变异参数和穗粒数的配合力。后果根据表型显性程度指标,确定了每穗粒数的所有可能遗传类型。在一些杂交组合中,揭示了遗传类型随年份条件的变化。在这两年中,大多数过量的组合都出现在有芒栽培品种“Avgur”和无芒栽培品种”Kozyr”的杂交中。根据麦芽品种(套芒)杂交的遗传变异参数,揭示了加性-显性模式、超显性和显性在基因座上的对应关系,以及显性效应导致性状增加的单向显性。当不同品种的品种杂交时,发现不同年份的基因作用发生了变化。特别是,加性显性系统由互补上位变为不完全显性变为超显性,单向显性变为性状增加变为多向显性。确定了提高一般配合力的遗传来源如下:有芒麦芽品种“Quench”和“Avgur”,裸芒品种“CDC Rattan”,以及无芒有芒品种“Kozyr”。根据特定配合力常数,确定了最有希望进一步育种的杂交组合。结论。在开发不同用途和不同植物品种的春大麦品种时,已确定的每穗粒数遗传特性使优化组合杂交亲本成分和进行定向选择以增加性状成为可能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Inheritance of kernel number per spike in F1 of spring barley obtained from crossings of cultivars of different origin, purpose of use and botanical varieties
Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of inheritance of kernel number per spike in crosses of spring barley cultivars of different origin, purpose of use and botanical varieties, as well as to distinguish effective genetic sources for impro­ving the trait. Methods. The study was carried out at the M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in 2019 and 2020. In F1 of spring barley in two diallel crossing schemes the degree of phenotypic dominance, parameters of genetic variation, and combining ability for kernel number per spike were determined. Results. According to the indicator of the degree of phenotypic dominance, all possible types of inheritance of kernel number per spike were identified. In a number of crossing compositions, a change in the type of inheritance depending on the conditions of the year was revealed. Most combinations with overdominance in both years were noted in crossings of the covered awned cultivar ‘Avgur’, as well as the covered awnless cultivar ‘Kozyr’. According to the parameters of genetic variation in crosses of malting varieties (covered awned), correspondence of the additive-dominant model, overdominance and dominance in loci, as well as unidirectional dominance to increasing of the trait caused by dominant effects were revealed. When crossing cultivars of different varieties, a change in gene action in different years was found. In particular, additive-dominant system changed to complementary epistasis, incomplete dominance to overdominance, unidirectional dominance to increa­sing of the trait to multidirectional dominance. The genetic sources of increased general combining ability were identified, as follows: covered awned malting cultivars ‘Quench’ and ‘Avgur’, the naked awned cultivar ‘CDC Rattan’, as well as the covered awnless cultivar ‘Kozyr’. Based on the constants of specific combining ability, the most promising crossing combinations for further breeding efforts were determined. Conclusions. The identified peculiarities of the inheritance of kernel number per spike make it possible to optimally combine parental components of crossings and carry out directional selection to increase the trait when developing spring barley cultivars for different use and different botanical varieties.
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