Modulation of turbulent Couette flow with vortex cavitation in a minimal flow unit

Modulation of turbulent flow by cavitation in fluid machinery can cause vibrations, noise, and erosion. In this study, we confirm the cavitation phenomenon and observe its characteristics to predict the flow and control it accordingly. We perform a direct numerical simulation of the turbulent Couette flow of water with vortex cavitation using a cavitation model to predict phase change based on pressure distribution. In this simulation, we investigate the characteristics of the local interaction between turbulence vortices and cavitation and the global modulation of the turbulent flow, i.e. mean velocity and wall friction coefficient. We observe that a cavity is generated where a low-pressure region is created in the centre of the turbulence vortex; the growth of the cavity weakens the vortex and reduces the intensity of the turbulence. Further, the vortex becomes stronger as the cavity contracts; this phenomenon occurs repeatedly in a turbulent flow field with vortex cavitation. In a turbulent flow field with vortex cavitation, mechanical oscillations can occur spontaneously. In addition, we found that the turbulence vortex weakened by cavitation regenerates around the cavity. The unsteady phenomenon of the turbulence vortex cavitation repeatedly grows and decays monotonically; however, it does not necessarily repeat these spatially in the same manner. The spatial characteristics of the turbulence structure are different from those observed in single-phase turbulent flow.