Asymptotically Kasner-like singularities

abstract:We prove existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations taking the form $$ {}^{(4)}g = -dt^2 + \sum_{i,j=1}^3 a_{ij}t^{2 p_{\max\{i,j\}}}\,{\rm d} x^i\,{\rm d} x^j $$ on $(0,T]_t\times\Bbb{T}^3_x$, where $a_{ij}(t,x)$ and $p_i(x)$ are regular functions without symmetry or analyticity assumptions. These metrics are singular and asymptotically Kasner-like as $t\to 0^+$. These solutions are expected to be highly non-generic, and our construction can be viewed as solving a singular initial value problem with Fuchsian-type analysis where the data are posed on the ``singular hypersurface'' $\{t=0\}$. This is the first such result without imposing symmetry or analyticity. To carry out the analysis, we study the problem in a synchronized coordinate system. In particular, we introduce a novel way to perform (weighted) energy estimates in such a coordinate system based on estimating the second fundamental forms of the constant-$t$ hypersurfaces.