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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文探讨了1981年“日本吸烟者妻子研究”的政治、法律和社会历史。东京国立癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute)首席流行病学家平山武(Takeshi Hirayama)领导的这项大规模队列研究发现,吸烟者的妻子不吸烟,她们自己患肺癌的风险更大。20世纪80年代,美国反烟草活动人士成功地利用这项研究来规范室内吸烟。本文采用跨国方法,探讨了美国烟草生产、日本流行病学和美国烟草限制之间复杂的多层次关系。它认为,美国和日本的吸烟和反吸烟是通过烟草和流行病学数据的流动相互产生的。在战后时期,作为援助计划的一部分,日本香烟越来越多地加入了美国种植的烟草,或者卖给了日本烟草专卖公司。该研究的对象人群部分是由美国烟草生产商组成的。与此同时,20世纪80年代生活在不断扩大的烟草条例保护伞下的美国人被日本烟草消费者所取代。从烟叶到流行病学数据,从美国农场到日本人身上的烟草流通,是一扇了解20世纪下半叶科学与资本主义合作生产的窗口。
Smoke Ring: From American Tobacco to Japanese Data
This article explores the political, legal, and social history of the 1981 “Japanese Smokers’ Wives Study.” This large-scale cohort study, led by Takeshi Hirayama, chief epidemiologist at the National Cancer Institute in Tokyo, found that the nonsmoking wives of smokers were themselves at greater risk for developing lung cancer. The study was successfully used by American anti-tobacco activists to regulate indoor smoking during the 1980s. Taking a transnational approach, the article explores the complex, multilayered relationship between American tobacco production, Japanese epidemiology, and American tobacco restriction. It argues that smoking and anti-smoking in the United States and Japan have produced each other through flows of tobacco and epidemiological data. In the postwar era, Japanese cigarettes were increasingly filled with American-grown tobacco as part of aid packages, or sold to the Japanese Tobacco Monopoly. The subject population of the study was made, in part, by American tobacco producers. Meanwhile Americans who lived under an expanding umbrella of tobacco ordinances in the 1980s were made by Japanese tobacco consumers. The circulation of tobacco from American farms to Japanese bodies, from leaf to epidemiological data, is a window into the coproduction of science and capitalism in the second half of the twentieth century.
期刊介绍:
Founded in 1936 by George Sarton, and relaunched by the History of Science Society in 1985, Osiris is an annual thematic journal that highlights research on significant themes in the history of science. Recent volumes have included Scientific Masculinities, History of Science and the Emotions, and Data Histories.