Antioxidant, Antibacterial, α-Amylase, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Mimosa rubicaulis Lam

The use of medicinal plants as supplemental or alternative medicine is widespread around the world. For the development of new drugs, studies on these medicinal plants that include pharmacological and toxicological assessments are crucial. This work aimed to find the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potential of the traditionally used medicinal plant Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract and its fractions of the roots of M. rubicaulis were performed via enzyme (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibition assays. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were carried out using 2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibiting methods. Well diffusion method is applied for antibacterial activity. Autodock vina was used for molecular docking. The crude extract reported the highest inhibition activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 10.29 ± 0.35 μg/mL compared to the standard acarbose IC50 value of 5.653 ± 0.29 µg/mL. Similarly, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction disclosed significant inhibition against α-amylase with an IC50 value of 108.7 ± 0.66 μg/mL compared to the standard drug’s IC50 value of 6.01 ± 0.14 µg/mL. Likewise, the EA fraction showed the maximum antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 11.89 ± 1.05μg/mL among the crude extract and its fractions. Mimosa rubicaulis was found to have α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity of this plant. Further studies on this plant are required to isolate potent compounds.