专门化政治:专业化、社会资本和人力资本对企业游说的影响

IF 2.9 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
L. Brown, Christopher M. Harris
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要企业说客在企业政治活动过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。当公司从事游说活动时,他们充当公司和政客之间的调解人。公司看重专业说客在华盛顿的人脉和对政治进程的了解。虽然之前关于游说的企业政治活动研究主要关注企业在游说上的支出,包括游说的前因和结果,但很少有研究考察游说者的个人差异以及这些差异如何影响重要结果。在本文中,我们研究了游说者作为游说者和前政治家的专业化和经验如何影响游说通过成为法律的法案数量。使用标准普尔500指数成分股公司雇佣的企业说客样本,我们调查了2005-2016年间8630名说客的职业生涯。我们发现,专业化程度较低的游说者比专业化程度较高的游说者更有可能就最终通过成为法律的法案进行游说。我们还发现,社会资本调节了专业化与游说有效性之间的关系。这些结果表明,虽然企业政治活动支出很重要,但学者和企业都应该了解企业雇佣谁为其游说,以及游说者专业化的差异如何影响企业在非市场领域的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Specializing in Politics: Effects of Specialization, Social Capital, and Human Capital on Corporate Lobbying
ABSTRACT Corporate lobbyists play a vital role in the Corporate Political Activity process. They act as a mediator between corporations and politicians when firms engage in lobbying activities. Firms value professional lobbyists for their connections in Washington and their knowledge of the political process. While previous Corporate Political Activity research on lobbying has focused primarily on the amount of money firms spend on lobbying, including antecedents of lobbying and outcomes, very little research has examined lobbyists’ individual differences and how those influence important outcomes. In this paper, we examine how lobbyists’ specialization and experience as both a lobbyist and a former politician can influence the number of bills lobbied on passed into law. Using a sample of corporate lobbyists who were hired by S&P 500 firms, we look at 8,630 lobbyist’s careers from 2005–2016. We find that lobbyists lower in specialization are more likely to lobby on bills which are eventually passed into law than highly specialized lobbyists. We also find that social capital moderates the relationship between specialization and lobbying effectiveness. These results suggest that while corporate political activity spending is important, both scholars and firms should also understand who firms are hiring to lobby for them and how differences in lobbyist specialization might influence firm effectiveness in the nonmarket arena.
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来源期刊
Human Performance
Human Performance PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Human Performance publishes research investigating the nature and role of performance in the workplace and in organizational settings and offers a rich variety of information going beyond the study of traditional job behavior. Dedicated to presenting original research, theory, and measurement methods, the journal investigates individual, team, and firm level performance factors that influence work and organizational effectiveness. Human Performance is a respected forum for behavioral scientists interested in variables that motivate and promote high-level human performance, particularly in organizational and occupational settings. The journal seeks to identify and stimulate relevant research, communication, and theory concerning human capabilities and effectiveness. It serves as a valuable intellectual link between such disciplines as industrial-organizational psychology, individual differences, work physiology, organizational behavior, human resource management, and human factors.
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