The Relationship between Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in a Group of School-Aged Children in Turkey

Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and to determine the prevalence of HSPM in different severities of MIH. Materials and Methods The study included a total of 345 children aged 7 to 11, affected with MIH at various severities. Scoring for HSPM defects was adapted according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria and applied by a single calibrated examiner. Comparative evaluation of HSPM at various MIH severities was tested using a single variable logistic regression analysis. An odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval was used to test the relation between HSPM and MIH. Results The prevalence of HSPM was 61.7% in MIH-affected children, whereas it was 2.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). The presence of HSPM and the increase in the number of affected teeth significantly raised the odds of the occurrence of MIH. HSPM prevalence was higher in children affected with milder MIH compared to those affected severely. The recorded defects were common as white-cream demarcated opacities without any loss of structure. Conclusion The prevalence of HSPM was significantly higher in children presenting MIH. Therefore, hypomineralization on the primary second molars pointed to an association between MIH and HSPM. For an early diagnosis of MIH, children presenting HSPM whose first permanent molars have not erupted yet should be followed up at regular intervals by pediatric dentists.