{"title":"传统的普通最小二乘回归与三种利用辐射松样本增强生物量方程可加性的方法的比较","authors":"Mohan Kc, E. Mason, H. Bown, Grace Jones","doi":"10.33494/nzjfs502020x90x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Additivity has long been recognised as a desirable property of systems of equations to predict the biomass of components and the whole tree. However, most tree biomass studies report biomass equations fitted using traditional ordinary least-squares regression. Therefore, we aimed to develop models to estimate components, subtotals and above-ground total biomass for a Pinus radiata D.Don biomass dataset using traditional linear and nonlinear ordinary leastsquares regressions, and to contrast these equations with the additive procedures of biomass estimation.Methods: A total of 24 ten-year-old trees were felled to assess above-ground biomass. Two broad procedures were implemented for biomass modelling: (a) independent; and (b) additive. For the independent procedure, traditional linear models (LINOLS) with scaled power transformations and y-intercepts and nonlinear power models (NLINOLS) without y-intercepts were compared. The best linear (transformed) models from the independent procedure were further tested in three different additive structures (LINADD1, LINADD2, and LINADD3). All models were evaluated using goodness-of-fit statistics, standard errors of estimates, and residual plots.Results: The LINOLS with scaled power transformations and y-intercepts performed better for all components, subtotals and total above-ground biomass in contrast to NLINOLS that lacked y-intercepts. The additive model (LINADD3) in a joint generalised linear least-squares regression, also called seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics and residual plots for four out of six components (stem, branch, new foliage and old foliage), two out of three subtotals (foliage and crown), and above-ground total biomass compared to other methods. However, bark, cone and bole biomass were better predicted by the LINOLS method.Conclusions: SUR was the best method to predict biomass for the 24-tree dataset because it provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics with unbiased estimates for 7 out of 10 biomass components. This study may assist silviculturists and forest managers to overcome one of the main problems when using biomass equations fitted independently for each tree component, which is that the sum of the biomasses of the predicted tree components does not necessarily add to the total biomass, as the additive biomass models do.","PeriodicalId":19172,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A comparison between traditional ordinary least-squares regression and three methods for enforcing additivity in biomass equations using a sample of Pinus radiata trees\",\"authors\":\"Mohan Kc, E. Mason, H. Bown, Grace Jones\",\"doi\":\"10.33494/nzjfs502020x90x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Background: Additivity has long been recognised as a desirable property of systems of equations to predict the biomass of components and the whole tree. However, most tree biomass studies report biomass equations fitted using traditional ordinary least-squares regression. Therefore, we aimed to develop models to estimate components, subtotals and above-ground total biomass for a Pinus radiata D.Don biomass dataset using traditional linear and nonlinear ordinary leastsquares regressions, and to contrast these equations with the additive procedures of biomass estimation.Methods: A total of 24 ten-year-old trees were felled to assess above-ground biomass. Two broad procedures were implemented for biomass modelling: (a) independent; and (b) additive. For the independent procedure, traditional linear models (LINOLS) with scaled power transformations and y-intercepts and nonlinear power models (NLINOLS) without y-intercepts were compared. The best linear (transformed) models from the independent procedure were further tested in three different additive structures (LINADD1, LINADD2, and LINADD3). All models were evaluated using goodness-of-fit statistics, standard errors of estimates, and residual plots.Results: The LINOLS with scaled power transformations and y-intercepts performed better for all components, subtotals and total above-ground biomass in contrast to NLINOLS that lacked y-intercepts. The additive model (LINADD3) in a joint generalised linear least-squares regression, also called seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics and residual plots for four out of six components (stem, branch, new foliage and old foliage), two out of three subtotals (foliage and crown), and above-ground total biomass compared to other methods. However, bark, cone and bole biomass were better predicted by the LINOLS method.Conclusions: SUR was the best method to predict biomass for the 24-tree dataset because it provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics with unbiased estimates for 7 out of 10 biomass components. This study may assist silviculturists and forest managers to overcome one of the main problems when using biomass equations fitted independently for each tree component, which is that the sum of the biomasses of the predicted tree components does not necessarily add to the total biomass, as the additive biomass models do.\",\"PeriodicalId\":19172,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-10-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs502020x90x\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"FORESTRY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs502020x90x","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparison between traditional ordinary least-squares regression and three methods for enforcing additivity in biomass equations using a sample of Pinus radiata trees
Background: Additivity has long been recognised as a desirable property of systems of equations to predict the biomass of components and the whole tree. However, most tree biomass studies report biomass equations fitted using traditional ordinary least-squares regression. Therefore, we aimed to develop models to estimate components, subtotals and above-ground total biomass for a Pinus radiata D.Don biomass dataset using traditional linear and nonlinear ordinary leastsquares regressions, and to contrast these equations with the additive procedures of biomass estimation.Methods: A total of 24 ten-year-old trees were felled to assess above-ground biomass. Two broad procedures were implemented for biomass modelling: (a) independent; and (b) additive. For the independent procedure, traditional linear models (LINOLS) with scaled power transformations and y-intercepts and nonlinear power models (NLINOLS) without y-intercepts were compared. The best linear (transformed) models from the independent procedure were further tested in three different additive structures (LINADD1, LINADD2, and LINADD3). All models were evaluated using goodness-of-fit statistics, standard errors of estimates, and residual plots.Results: The LINOLS with scaled power transformations and y-intercepts performed better for all components, subtotals and total above-ground biomass in contrast to NLINOLS that lacked y-intercepts. The additive model (LINADD3) in a joint generalised linear least-squares regression, also called seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics and residual plots for four out of six components (stem, branch, new foliage and old foliage), two out of three subtotals (foliage and crown), and above-ground total biomass compared to other methods. However, bark, cone and bole biomass were better predicted by the LINOLS method.Conclusions: SUR was the best method to predict biomass for the 24-tree dataset because it provided the best goodness-of-fit statistics with unbiased estimates for 7 out of 10 biomass components. This study may assist silviculturists and forest managers to overcome one of the main problems when using biomass equations fitted independently for each tree component, which is that the sum of the biomasses of the predicted tree components does not necessarily add to the total biomass, as the additive biomass models do.
期刊介绍:
The New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science is an international journal covering the breadth of forestry science. Planted forests are a particular focus but manuscripts on a wide range of forestry topics will also be considered. The journal''s scope covers forestry species, which are those capable of reaching at least five metres in height at maturity in the place they are located, but not grown or managed primarily for fruit or nut production.