Cerebral ischemia models in rats

Stroke is the second cause of death worldwide.  Stroke induces cerebral ischemia. The cerebral ischemia  is a neurodegenerative disease that causes disability and  mortality. An accumulating body of evidence indicates  that abnormalities of Ca2+ homeostasis are caused by  excessive levels of free oxygen radicals in rats with  cerebral ischemia. Occlusion of middle cerebral artery  in human induces cerebral ischemic stroke. In  experimental animals, best model of induction of  cerebral ischemic stroke is occlusion of middle cerebral  artery for 30 min (Canazza et al. 2014). In cerebral  ischemia stoke model, right or left middle cerebral  artery is exposed through a ventral midline incision in  the neck and it is loosely encircled with sutures for  further occlusion. Following a midline incision, the  skull is craniectomized to expose the right or left  common carotid artery. A 3-0 suture is positioned so  that it encircled the middle cerebral artery for further  occlusion. Cerebral ischemic surgery is performed  through occlusion of the right or left middle cerebral  artery for 30 min (Akpinar et al. 2016). In addition to  the best model, there are also other models of cerebral  stroke in rodents such as the intra-luminal suture,  thromboembolic, the coagulation or ligation, the  endothelin-1, and the distal artery compression models  (Canazza et al. 2014).  In the presentation, a selection of the principal  models is described and the model was compared with  the other models.