原殖民地经济企业的怪物:东印度公司和奴隶种植园

IF 0.4 Q1 HISTORY
R. Austen
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文考察了17世纪和18世纪荷兰和英国的东印度公司以及主要是英国和法国的加勒比奴隶种植园,它们是体现“前现代”和“后现代”经济特征的机构。由于它们长期存在并产生利润,这两个机构都不能被视为“原始积累”。东印度公司是国家许可的垄断企业,但也是通过在世界上第一个股票市场出售股票来资助的大型垂直整合跨国公司。种植园奴隶制可以被视为不断改进的农业资本主义的一种高级形式,在这种资本主义中,雇佣劳动被购买的人类的资本/动产所取代。对这两种制度的“世袭主义者”或“超级资本主义者”理解的论点和证据被认为是“混合的”,但从后殖民主义文化的角度来看,它们与现代欧洲资本主义的谱系相适应的方式有问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Monsters of Protocolonial Economic Enterprise: East India Companies and Slave Plantations
This article examines the Dutch and English East India companies and the mainly British and French Caribbean slave plantations during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as institutions embodying features of both “premodern” and “postmodern” economies. Because they endured and produced profits over long periods of time, neither of these institutions can be dismissed as “primitive accumulation.” The East India companies were state-licensed monopolies but also huge, vertically integrated, multinational corporations funded through share sales on the world’s first stock markets. Plantation slavery can be seen as an advanced form of constantly improving agrarian capitalism in which wage labor is replaced by the capital/chattel of purchased human beings. Arguments and evidence for a “patrimonialist” or “hypercapitalist” understanding of both institutions are considered with the conclusion that they are “hybrid,” but less in postcolonialist cultural terms than in the problematic way they fit into the genealogy of modern European capitalism.
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