对未来自我的偏好和同理心1

IF 1.6 1区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY
L. Paul
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引用次数: 19

摘要

我认为,我们通过身临其境的体验来掌握独特的、涉及自我的真理,或本质上的真理。通过游戏性和虚拟现实的例子,我捍卫了沉浸式探索和虚拟第一个人视角的价值,并探讨了虚拟第一个人观点和现实世界第一个人视角之间的关系。然后,我发展了身临其境的呈现模式、本质和变革体验之间的联系,并展示了我们在体验中对定性真理的把握与我们在经验中对本质真理(和时态真理)的把握之间的关系。将沉浸式游戏和增强现实的价值与身临其境地了解我们的未来和可能的自我的价值联系起来,我认为,对未来体验的想象沉浸是一种独特的、基于体验的方式,可以发现事实真相。我通过探索一个案例来结束我的讨论,在这个案例中,认知转变可以扩展为个人转变。在这种情况下,发现新的现象真理可以导致发现新的本质真理。当你面对一个定义人生的变化时,你可以问自己:我会成为谁?这可以理解为一个关于你是谁和你将成为谁的问题,从你的第一个个人主观角度提出。因此,这也是一个关于你未来生活体验的性质和特征的问题,因为你有意识的生活体验的本质和特征是你是谁的决定性组成部分。通过这种方式,了解你未来的生活经历就是了解你未来自我的一种方式。在这篇论文中,我将探索这种理解自我的方式,重点是理解定义生命的变化。当在高风险、定义人生的背景下被问及“我将成为谁?”时,他将自我的形而上学与想象力、同理心、证词和自我中的de se的作用联系起来。1感谢Nilanjan Das、Josh Dever、Martin Glazier、Adam Lerner、Dilip Ninan、Simon Prosser、圣安德鲁斯形而上学阅读小组和北卡罗来纳大学变革经验工作组的讨论。2定义人生的选择,作为涉及自我的选择,不一定是自私的。定义人生的选择甚至不需要是涉及自身的选择。我们经常思考其他人的未来,他们将受到我们选择的影响,以及他们将如何形成。为了简单起见,我将专注于涉及自我的选择,但我将在本文的大部分内容中所说的内容适用于我们为他人和自己思考这些选择的方式。3通过这种方式,我所说的与Chang(2015)、Korsgaard(2009)和Bratman(1999)有着共同的想法:你之所以成为自己,部分原因是你的承诺和选择。这在一定程度上定义了你是谁。但我的重点是决策理论、新经验、第一人称和认知建模在这一切中的作用,而不是实际推理本身。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DE SE PREFERENCES AND EMPATHY FOR FUTURE SELVES1
I argue that we grasp distinctive, self-involving truths, or de se truths, through immersive experience. Drawing on examples involving gameplay and virtual reality, I defend the value of immersive exploration and virtual first personal perspectives, and explore the relation between a virtual first personal perspective and a real world first personal perspective. I then develop the connection between immersive modes of presentation, the de se, and transformative experience, and show how our grasp of qualitative truths in experience relates to our grasp of de se truths (and tensed truths) in experience. Tying the value of immersive gameplay and augmented reality to the value of gaining an immersive understanding of our future and possible selves, I argue that imaginative immersion in one’s future experience is a distinctive, experience-based way to discover de se truths. I close my discussion by exploring a case where an epistemic transformation scales up into a personal transformation. In such cases, the discovery of new phenomenal truths can lead to the discovery of new de se truths. When you face a life-defining change, you can ask yourself: Who will I become? This can be understood as a question about who you are and who you will become, asked from your first personal, subjective perspective. As such, it is also a question about the nature and character of your future lived experience, because the nature and character of your conscious, lived experience is a defining constituent of who you are. Framed this way, knowing your future lived experience is a way of knowing your future self. In this paper, I will explore this way of understanding one’s self, with a focus on understanding life-defining changes. “Who will I become?” when asked in high-stakes, life-defining contexts, connects the metaphysics of the self to the role of imagination, empathy, testimony, and the de se in self1 Thanks to Nilanjan Das, Josh Dever, Martin Glazier, Adam Lerner, Dilip Ninan, Simon Prosser, the St. Andrews metaphysics reading group, and the UNC transformative experience working group for discussion. 2 Life-defining choices, as self-involving choices, need not be self-interested in a selfish sense. Life-defining choices don’t even need to be self-involving choices. We often think about the futures of others who will be affected by our choices, and about how they will be formed. I will focus on self-involving choices for simplicity, but what I will say in much of this paper applies to the way we think of these choices for others as well as ourselves. 3 In this way, what I am saying has ideas in common with Chang (2015), Korsgaard (2009), and Bratman (1999): you make yourself into who you are partly because of your commitments and your choices. This partly defines who you are. But my focus is on the role of decision theory, new experience, the first person, and cognitive modeling in all of this, not on practical reasoning per se.
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