质疑天课职业及其当代争议

Achmad Fageh, Nadya Febrianti Zakaria
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是解释职业慈善存在的基本问题,并讨论慈善在当代的各种后果。所采用的研究方法是文献研究。研究结果表明,慈善是一种前所未有的新事物。在20世纪,他被当代学者Joseph Qardhawi咬了一口。事实证明,慈善引发了各种支持和反对的声音,尤其是来自各种现代小说学者的声音。关于多神教,并没有明确的证据。另一方面,学者的观点是基于对《古兰经》截断部分的解释。关于这个职业中的天课设置,有一些意见分歧,其中包括农业天课、黄金天课、贸易天课和财富天课。[本研究旨在回顾与职业天课的存在有关的基本问题以及当代涉及天课的各种争议。所采用的研究方法是文献研究。从研究结果来看,职业天课是先知时代从未存在过这种天课的一个新案例在20世纪,当代学者Yusuf Qardhawi通过其题为《Fiqh Az Zakat》的作品提出了这一观点。Zakat的出现引发了各种各样的利弊,主要来自于各种现代fiqh学者。一些当代学者反对这种天课的存在,因为他们被认为从未被先知举例说明过,也没有明确的论据和文本。另一方面,支持职业Zakat的学者的观点是基于对Q.S.Al-Baqarah第276节摘录的解释,该节关于就一笔好生意的一部分结果向Zakat付款的义务。在这一职业中,关于Zakat的比喻有几种不同的意见,包括Zakat对农业的比喻、Zakat对于黄金的比喻、Zakat对于贸易的比喻和Zakat关于财富的比喻。]
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
QUESTIONING ZAKAT PROFESSION AND ITS CONTROVERSIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hal-hal mendasar terkait keberadaan zakat profesi dan membahas berbagai konsekuensi zakat di era kontemporer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zakat profesi merupakan hal yang baru dimana jenis zakat ini belum pernah ada sebelumnya di masa Nabi. Zakat ini diketahui baru muncul pada abad ke-20 dengan digagas oleh salah seorang ulama kontemporer, Yusuf Qardhawi, melalui karyanya yang berjudul Fiqh Az-Zakat. Munculnya zakat memicu berbagai pro dan kontra, terutama dari berbagai ulama fikih modern. Sebagian ulama kontemporer menentang keberadaan zakat ini karena dianggap tidak pernah dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah, juga tidak memiliki dalil dan nash yang jelas. Di sisi lain, pendapat ulama yang mendukung zakat dalam profesi ini didasarkan pada penafsiran pemotongan Q.S Al-Baqarah ayat 276 tentang kewajiban memberikan sebagian dari hasil usaha yang wajar. Ada beberapa perbedaan pendapat tentang penanaman zakat dalam profesi ini, antara lain zakat pertanian, zakat emas, zakat perdagangan, dan zakat rikhaz. [This study aims to review essential matters related to the existence of professional Zakat and the various controversies that cover Zakat in the contemporary era. The research method used is a literature study. From the study results, it is known that professional Zakat is a new case where this type of Zakat never existed before in the time of the Prophet. This Zakat is known to have only emerged in the 20th century with the idea of a contemporary scholar, Yusuf Qardhawi, through his work entitled Fiqh Az-Zakat. The emergence of Zakat has triggered various pros and cons, mainly from various modern fiqh scholars. Some contemporary scholars oppose the existence of this Zakat because they are considered to have never been exemplified by the Prophet and do not have clear arguments and texts. On the other hand, the opinion of scholars who support professional Zakat is based on the interpretation of the excerpt of Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 276 regarding the obligation to pay Zakat on a portion of the results of a good business. There are several differences of opinion regarding the analogy of Zakat in this profession, which include the metaphor of Zakat on agriculture, Zakat on gold, Zakat on trade, and Zakat on wealth.]
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