{"title":"鄂克古斯语元音系统的声学分析","authors":"P. Otieno, E. G. Mecha","doi":"10.26478/ja2019.7.11.5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":": This study describes the vowel system of EkeGusii (“Bantu E.42”)(Guthrie, 1948) in an acoustic phonetics perspective using oral data got from purposively sampled subjects: four adult males, four adult females and four children (two boys and two girls all 8 years old) equally from the two dialects of EkeGusii (EkeMaate and EkeRogoro Dialects). In order to capture the distribution characteristics of the vowel acoustic concentration, the group frequency means are normalized using Lobanov’s (1971) algorithm. Two view-points are the subjects of analysis in EkeGusii vowels: (a) acoustic vowel space as projected by the intersection of F2 vs. F1 or quadrilateral, and (b) spatial features of high, low, front and back. These qualities are mainly influenced by the physiology of speakers and social variability as occasioned by gender, age and dialect. The results indicate that children have no gender difference in formants, and have the highest frequencies for all formants, followed by adult females and then adult males. Furthermore, acoustic vowel space and spatial features are affected by gender, age, and dialect. A vowel pattern, replicated by all informants, is realized in the dispersion of the vowels within the chart influenced by gender and age. This study found out that EkeGusii seems to adopt a seven-vowel system of /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ with a length contrast.","PeriodicalId":31949,"journal":{"name":"Macrolinguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acoustic Analysis of EkeGusii Vowel System\",\"authors\":\"P. Otieno, E. G. Mecha\",\"doi\":\"10.26478/ja2019.7.11.5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\": This study describes the vowel system of EkeGusii (“Bantu E.42”)(Guthrie, 1948) in an acoustic phonetics perspective using oral data got from purposively sampled subjects: four adult males, four adult females and four children (two boys and two girls all 8 years old) equally from the two dialects of EkeGusii (EkeMaate and EkeRogoro Dialects). In order to capture the distribution characteristics of the vowel acoustic concentration, the group frequency means are normalized using Lobanov’s (1971) algorithm. Two view-points are the subjects of analysis in EkeGusii vowels: (a) acoustic vowel space as projected by the intersection of F2 vs. F1 or quadrilateral, and (b) spatial features of high, low, front and back. These qualities are mainly influenced by the physiology of speakers and social variability as occasioned by gender, age and dialect. The results indicate that children have no gender difference in formants, and have the highest frequencies for all formants, followed by adult females and then adult males. Furthermore, acoustic vowel space and spatial features are affected by gender, age, and dialect. A vowel pattern, replicated by all informants, is realized in the dispersion of the vowels within the chart influenced by gender and age. This study found out that EkeGusii seems to adopt a seven-vowel system of /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ with a length contrast.\",\"PeriodicalId\":31949,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Macrolinguistics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-12-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Macrolinguistics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1092\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.26478/ja2019.7.11.5\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Macrolinguistics","FirstCategoryId":"1092","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.26478/ja2019.7.11.5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
本研究从声学语音学的角度描述了EkeGusii的元音系统(“Bantu E.42”)(Guthrie, 1948),使用有目的的抽样对象的口头数据:4名成年男性,4名成年女性和4名儿童(2男2女,均为8岁),分别来自EkeGusii的两种方言(EkeMaate和EkeRogoro方言)。为了捕捉元音声学浓度的分布特征,使用Lobanov(1971)算法对群频率均值进行归一化。EkeGusii元音分析的两个观点是:(a)由F2与F1或四边形相交投影的声学元音空间,以及(b)高、低、前、后的空间特征。这些特质主要受说话人的生理状况以及由性别、年龄和方言引起的社会变异性的影响。结果表明,儿童的共振峰无性别差异,所有共振峰的频率最高,其次是成年女性,然后是成年男性。此外,元音空间和空间特征受性别、年龄和方言的影响。在受性别和年龄影响的图表内元音的分散中实现了一种元音模式,所有的被调查者都复制了这种模式。本研究发现,EkeGusii似乎采用了一个长度对比的/i e / a / o ou /七个元音系统。
: This study describes the vowel system of EkeGusii (“Bantu E.42”)(Guthrie, 1948) in an acoustic phonetics perspective using oral data got from purposively sampled subjects: four adult males, four adult females and four children (two boys and two girls all 8 years old) equally from the two dialects of EkeGusii (EkeMaate and EkeRogoro Dialects). In order to capture the distribution characteristics of the vowel acoustic concentration, the group frequency means are normalized using Lobanov’s (1971) algorithm. Two view-points are the subjects of analysis in EkeGusii vowels: (a) acoustic vowel space as projected by the intersection of F2 vs. F1 or quadrilateral, and (b) spatial features of high, low, front and back. These qualities are mainly influenced by the physiology of speakers and social variability as occasioned by gender, age and dialect. The results indicate that children have no gender difference in formants, and have the highest frequencies for all formants, followed by adult females and then adult males. Furthermore, acoustic vowel space and spatial features are affected by gender, age, and dialect. A vowel pattern, replicated by all informants, is realized in the dispersion of the vowels within the chart influenced by gender and age. This study found out that EkeGusii seems to adopt a seven-vowel system of /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ with a length contrast.