旅游业与统治斗争:克什米尔的地方旅游社区和象征性暴力

IF 3.3 4区 管理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
Rafique Ahmad
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引用次数: 3

摘要

乡村旅游目的地的社区旅游发展受到国家、酒店经营者、旅行社、当地旅游参与者、东道社区和活动家之间复杂的权力斗争的阻碍。根据布迪厄对日常生活的“认识论反射”社会学,包括他的“资本”、“习惯”和“场”的概念,我研究了印度国家、地区政府、武装部队、私人城市酒店经营者和旅行社、宗教公司、,当地旅游服务提供商(如Poymen和出租车运营商)和在印控克什米尔喜马拉雅地区帕哈尔加姆旅游目的地运营的东道社区。根据2017年6月至9月和2018年10月期间收集的民族志材料,我分析了该地区日益严重的政治冲突背景下的权力关系。本文讨论的核心问题是,这些行为者,特别是印度政府,如何以及在多大程度上参与对帕哈尔加姆旅游目的地的统治权、叛乱和颠覆的争夺。在谈到ponywālā1习惯的体现时,我证明了ponymes的“次级”性格以及他们为游客和朝圣者提供小马骑行的相应旅游实践在帕哈尔加姆的目的地“领域”内创造了边界。随后,我的目的是表明,这种倾向在当地社区参与者中培养了内化的信仰或多萨,从而限制了他们获得资本(经济、社会、文化和象征)的机会,并确保他们在帕哈尔加姆目的地领域的主导地位(重新)产生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tourism and struggles for domination: Local tourism communities and symbolic violence in Kashmir
Community-based tourism development in rural tourist destinations is hindered by the complex interplay of power struggles between the State, hoteliers, travel agents, local tourism players, host community and activists. Following Bourdieu’s ‘epistemologically reflexive’ sociology of everyday life, including his concepts of ‘capital’, ‘habitus’ and ‘field’, I examine the power relations between the Indian State, the regional government, the armed forces, private urban hoteliers and travel agencies, religious corporations, local tourism service providers (e.g. the ponymen and taxi operators) and the host communities operating at the tourism destination of Pahalgam in the Himalayan territory of the Indian-administered Kashmir. Drawing on ethnographic material collected during June–September 2017 and October 2018, I analyse the power relations in the context of a growing political conflict in the region. The central question this article addresses is how and to what extent these actors, particularly the Indian State, engage in contestations for dominance, insurrection and subversion over Pahalgam tourist destination. Theorising the embodiment of ponywālā1 habitus, I demonstrate that ‘subaltern’ dispositions of the ponymen and their corresponding tourism practices of offering pony rides to tourists and pilgrims create boundaries within the destination ‘field’ of Pahalgam. Subsequently, I aim to show that such dispositions cultivate internalised beliefs or doxa among local community players, thus limiting their access to capitals (economic, social, cultural and symbolic) and ensuring the (re)production of their dominated position in the destination field of Pahalgam.
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来源期刊
Tourist Studies
Tourist Studies HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
4.20%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: Tourist Studies is a multi-disciplinary journal providing a platform for the development of critical perspectives on the nature of tourism as a social phenomenon through a qualitative lens. Theoretical and multi-disciplinary. Tourist Studies provides a critical social science approach to the study of the tourist and the structures which influence tourist behaviour and the production and reproduction of tourism. The journal examines the relationship between tourism and related fields of social inquiry. Tourism and tourist styles consumption are not only emblematic of many features of contemporary social change, such as mobility, restlessness, the search for authenticity and escape, but they are increasingly central to economic restructuring, globalization, the sociology of consumption and the aestheticization of everyday life. Tourist Studies analyzes these features of tourism from a multi-disciplinary perspective and seeks to evaluate, compare and integrate approaches to tourism from sociology, socio-psychology, leisure studies, cultural studies, geography and anthropology. Global Perspective. Tourist Studies takes a global perspective of tourism, widening and challenging the established views of tourism presented in current periodical literature. Tourist Studies includes: Theoretical analysis with a firm grounding in contemporary problems and issues in tourism studies, qualitative analyses of tourism and the tourist experience, reviews linking theory and policy, interviews with scholars at the forefront of their fields, review essays on particular fields or issues in the study of tourism, review of key texts, publications and visual media relating to tourism studies, and notes on conferences and other events of topical interest to the field of tourism studies.
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