地下乏燃料储存设施热状态的数值模拟(内置结构变体)

P. V. Amosov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

给出了用于在内置钢筋混凝土结构中长期储存乏核燃料的地下设施的热状态的数值模拟结果。COMSOL方案采用三维公式建立了两个计算机模型。第一个模型基于不可压缩流体近似,而第二个模型基于“不可压缩理想气体”近似。模型的数学基础:连续性方程、雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程、标准(k-ε)湍流模型和一般传热方程。混合对流条件的考虑是在“不可压缩理想气体”近似中实现的,其中空气密度仅是温度的函数。研究了乏燃料热应力最大的布置方式:U-Zr-缺陷-U-Be。空气速率在21至0.656m3/s的范围内变化。对长达5年的燃料储存进行了数值实验。强调了“不可压缩理想气体”模型中预测的速度场的非平稳结构与不可压缩流体模型中空气动力学参数的“冻结”图像之间的主要区别。研究表明,当物体在保守的通风条件下运行(速率0.656m3/s),组织通风的成本最小时,可以满足超过温度极限值的要求。分析了通过基座和从U-Zr燃料舱内置结构表面引导到空气环境的热流的动力学。指出了结构表面热流的优势以及热流动力学曲线达到最大值的不同时间。流向阵列的热流达到最大值的速度明显快于流向空气的热流。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground spent fuel storage facility (built-in structure variant)
The results of a numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a built-in reinforced concrete structure are presented. Two computer models were constructed in a three-dimensional formulation in the COMSOL programme. The first model is based on the incompressible fluid approximation, while the second model is based on the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation. The mathematical basis of models: the continuity equation, Navier - Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, the standard (k - ε) turbulence model, and the general heat transfer equation. Consideration of mixed convection conditions is implemented in the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation, where the air density is a function of temperature only. The most thermally stressful arrangement of spent fuel placement is investigated: U-Zr - defective - U-Be. The air rate is varied in the range from 21 to 0.656 m3/s. Numerical experiments were performed for up to 5 years of fuel storage. The principal difference between the non-stationary structure of the velocity fields predicted in the "incompressible ideal gas" model and the "frozen" picture of the aerodynamic parameters in the incompressible fluid model is emphasized. It is shown that the requirements for exceeding the temperature limit values are met when the object operates under conservative ventilation conditions (rate 0.656 m3/s) with a minimum of costs for organizing ventilation. The dynamics of heat flows directed into the rock mass through the base and from the surface of the built-in structure of the U-Zr fuel compartment to the air environment are analyzed. The predominance of the heat flow from the surface of the structure and the different times when the curves of the heat flow dynamics reach their maximum values are noted. The heat flow to the array reaches its maximum significantly faster than to the air.
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