Designing a spirituality-based Islamic education framework for young muslim generations: a case study from two Indonesian universities

ABSTRACT This paper reports on a qualitative study into developing a spirituality-based Islamic education framework for university students. In Indonesia, developing a spirituality-based Islamic education framework in the schooling sector has been extensively carried out. However, such a notion seems sparse in the Indonesian higher education levels. This has prompted the university to start focusing on developing students’ spirituality and their roles. This framework’s development was derived from interviews with Islamic education lecturers about learning patterns at the universities. It also includes observations of core and supporting learning activities. Data were garnered through a qualitative approach to enable substantial descriptive data collection to the foundation for the framework’s design. The findings are reported based on the designed framework. Recommendations for holistic religious education for the young generation at the Indonesian university level are discussed.