Simulation of a laser-driven three-level system by a noisy quantum computer

By adopting the variational quantum simulator method on noisy quantum computers, we simulate the temporal evolution of the population transfer in a laser-driven three-level system, representing [Formula: see text] suddenly exposed to an intense laser field. We have conducted experiments using an IBM Quantum computer. In order to mitigate the error caused by the execution of the Hadamard test circuits, the Clifford data regression method is adopted. The characteristic features in the temporal evolution of the population transfer, leading to the population inversion and the air lasing, have been well reproduced.