混凝土巨人:自由主义时代的州际公路系统和基础设施不平等

IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY
Teal Arcadi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文探讨了国家州际公路和国防公路系统的建设如何引发诉讼,从而改变了20世纪60年代以后的行政法和治理进程。到那时,州际公路系统的建设已经成为摧毁社区和公园的代名词,这些社区和公园被推土机推平,为“混凝土怪物”让路,一些人称之为州际公路。持续不断的抗议活动——“高速公路起义”——要求改变建筑做法,让公民和社区在正在进行的国家建设过程中发挥参与作用。本文探讨了州际公路抗议的法律后果,并提出了两个论点。首先,高速公路起义给现代美国国家建设的实践带来了独特的改革,特别是当他们产生了最高法院的典型案例“公民保护奥弗顿公园诉沃尔佩案”(1971年)时。其次,尽管奥弗顿公园存在改革主义倾向,但该案造成了国家建设的法律和物理景观不平等。将奥弗顿公园与纳什维尔I-40指导委员会诉艾灵顿案(1967年)进行对比,这是一个涉及种族歧视和社区破坏的案件,揭示了一个法律制度的机制,该制度通过州际系统持久的、横跨全国的柏油路,在漫长的时空中巩固了种族和阶级等级制度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Concrete Leviathan: The Interstate Highway System and Infrastructural Inequality in the Age of Liberalism
Abstract This article explores how the construction of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways prompted litigation that altered the course of administrative law and governance from the 1960s onward. By that time, the construction of the interstate system had become synonymous with the destruction of neighborhoods and parks bulldozed to make way for the “concrete monsters,” as some came to call the interstates. Ensuing protests—“freeway revolts”—pressed for altered construction practices and participatory roles for citizens and communities in the state building process underway. This article explores the legal consequences of interstate highway protest, and advances two arguments. First, freeway revolts brought distinctive reforms to the practices of modern American state building, particularly when they produced the canonical Supreme Court case Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe (1971). Second, despite the reformist inclinations present in Overton Park, the case created an unequal legal and physical landscape of state building. Contrasting Overton Park with Nashville I-40 Steering Committee v. Ellington (1967), a case dealing with racial discrimination and community destruction, reveals the mechanics of a legal regime that cemented racial and class hierarchies in place across long horizons of space and time via the interstate system's durable, nation-spanning asphalt limbs.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
42
期刊介绍: Law and History Review (LHR), America"s leading legal history journal, encompasses American, European, and ancient legal history issues. The journal"s purpose is to further research in the fields of the social history of law and the history of legal ideas and institutions. LHR features articles, essays, commentaries by international authorities, and reviews of important books on legal history. American Society for Legal History
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