Blood Pressure Profile and Factors Affecting Medication Adherence in Older Persons with Hypertension in Two Care Centers

High prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure in older adults is a major health concern, and mostly results from poor medication adherence. The study assessed blood pressure profile and factors that influence medication adherence in older persons. Association of adherence factors with systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also determined. Cross-sectional and retrospective survey were conducted among 310 out-patients of ≥ 65 years of age in two hospitals. A pretested questionnaire measured medication adherence factors on a 5-point Likert scale. Data on last blood pressure and medications of study participants were retrospectively obtained from case notes. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square were performed using SPSS version 25. (P ≤ 0.05). A total of 300 patients participated in the study. The study noted slightly high mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (147.65 ± 20.607 and 92.82 ± 15.137) among respondents, however, diastolic hypertension was prevalent 171 (57.0%). Average mean score for respondents’ reported medication-related and attitude-related adherence factors were 2.40 ± 1.09 and 2.66 ± 1.24, respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant with; number of pills (p = 0.008 and p = 0.003 respectively) and dosing regimen (p = 0.000 and p = 0.052, respectively). Systolic blood pressure was statistically significant with; frequency of dosing (p = 0.011), non-availability or scarcity of prescribed medicines (p = 0.027), pharmacists’ attitude (p = 0.000), physician’s attitude (p = 0.000) and phobia for medicines (p = 0.002). Forgetfulness was statistically associated with diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.011). Diastolic hypertension was prevalent, and several factors of adherence significantly influenced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older adults. Improved medication counselling is required for maximum benefits in older persons.