Ethno Pharmacological Perspectives of Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptors (PPARs) Isoform in the Treatment of Obesity: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease that naturally leads human beings to metabolic syndrome resulting in improper accumulation of ectopic lipids. The predominant source of obesity is the consumption of a high-energy diet and this excess energy is stored in adipocytes and leads to an increase in mass and volume. This study attempted to include an overview of the findings on traditional botanical sources for obesity treatment and their correlation with PPARs isoforms. The present study was reviewed by collecting data from standard textbooks, various reviews and research papers and consulting globally accepted online databases i.e. Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pub Med from 2000 to 2021. The profile presented includes the information on the biological source, their parts, extracts, active constituents, and experimental method and toxicity studies of plants via PPARs isoforms individually. 78 plant species, belonging to 50 families used for obesity are compiled. Major families screened in our study were belonging to Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Polygonaceae, Compositae, Malvaceae, Vitaceae, Sapindaceae, and Araliaceae along with some others in a lesser amount. The study could be beneficial for preliminary screening of potential natural PPARs metabolites in obesity treatment and high time to increase experimental studies to find out novel potential active compounds/extracts from unexploited plants having a traditional role in obesity regulation. Further toxicity profiles might be beneficial for researchers to develop potent PPARs modulating anti-obesity agents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT