JUICIO MORAL DE ESTUDIANTES Y MAESTROS ANTE HECHOS DE VIOLENCIA EN UNA ESCUELA SECUNDARIA PÚBLICA EN MÉXICO

The objective of the investigation into the violent events in the daily environments of the students of a secondary school in Mexico was to reveal them as part of a training process for their teachers. From the conception that social and school violence are inherent to the social order and are expressed in bodies and things, our interdisciplinary approach was based on a mixed methodology, using qualitative techniques, through observation, pedagogical planning , common reflection and evaluation with teachers, and quantitative techniques, with the preparation and application of an interview of teachers to 429 students of the three grades of secondary school, in the morning and evening shifts, to relieve the network of violence, with emphasis on the school, andthe subsequent creation of a database for its systematization and analysis. This methodological strategy made it possible to unravel the moral judgment of students and adults in correspondence with the acts of violence experienced by the students, which have been mainly fights and beatings, harassment and robbery. Interventions regarding adults, in accordance with school regulations, have been the predominant application of expiatory sanctions, or their inaction, thus adding other forms of violence that express a heteronomous moral judgment. This forces the majority of students to be careful not to fall into provocations from the other minority group, ready to attack them as a way to settle their differences. Also the moral judgment of the students is heteronomous and their proposals to face these facts, to a large extent, coincide with the school regulations. However, a minority group of students proposed, in addition to listening, empathy and dialogue, that they “favor their own behaviors among equals”, which is the law of true cooperation, suggestive for a formative process of adults that facilitates the transition towards a moral judgment of cooperation, for a coexistence of protection and a better teaching-learning process.