生命与劳动的政治:1898-1910年滇印铁路建设期间法国在华殖民主义与中国苦力劳工

IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Selda Altan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要法国于1898-1910年间跨越中越边境修建的滇中印铁路,从未实现法国殖民者在中印的扩张主义梦想,因此被认为是法国帝国主义的失败。本文从劳动力的角度,在黑奴解放后,不同殖民大国争夺廉价中国劳动力的全球劳动力市场出现的背景下,考察了云南铁路沿线的劳动力冲突。在铁路建设的时候,获得廉价劳动力是殖民竞争的核心,以至于法兰西帝国的大都市、殖民地和商业代理人发现自己在云南劳动力短缺的问题上陷入了可怕的冲突。在某种程度上,法国未能阻止铁路公司代理人滥用劳动力,其他欧洲殖民大国利用工人的痛苦来质疑法国关于执行“文明使命”的主张。与此同时,清朝官员和中国民族主义者都以保护其民族主体的名义提出了国家主权的主张。,铁路工人。因此,法国招聘人员不得不重新考虑中国苦力的雇佣条件,提高工资,改善工人合同,并投资于福利制度。总之,云南铁路建设期间工人的抵抗不仅推迟了铁路的完工,削弱了法国在该地区的殖民威望,而且赋予了工人权力,使他们能够在中国境外的市场上提高劳动力的价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Politics of Life and Labor: French Colonialism in China and Chinese Coolie Labor During the Construction of the Yunnan–Indochina Railway, 1898–1910
Abstract The Yunnan–Indochina railway, built by France across the China–Vietnam border between 1898–1910, never realized the expansionist dreams of French colonialists in Indochina and therefore has been studied as a failure of French imperialism. Taking a labor perspective, this article examines the labor conflicts along the Yunnan railway against the backdrop of the emergence of a global labor market where different colonial powers competed for cheap Chinese labor after the emancipation of black slaves. At the time of the railway's construction, access to cheap labor was so central to colonial competition that the metropolitan, colonial, and business agents of the French empire found themselves in a dire conflict over labor shortages in Yunnan. To the extent that France failed to restrain the railway company agents from abusing the labor force, other European colonial powers used worker misery to dispute French claims to conducting a “civilizing mission.” At the same time, both Qing imperial officials and Chinese nationalists advanced their arguments for national sovereignty in the name of protecting their national subjects, i.e., the railway workers. As a result, French recruiters had to reconsider the terms of Chinese coolie employment, increase wages, improve worker contracts, and invest in welfare systems. In sum, worker resistance during the construction of the Yunnan railway not only delayed the railway's completion and diminished French colonial prestige in the region but also empowered the workers, giving them leverage to increase the value of their labor in a market extending beyond Chinese national borders.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: ILWCH has an international reputation for scholarly innovation and quality. It explores diverse topics from globalisation and workers’ rights to class and consumption, labour movements, class identities and cultures, unions, and working-class politics. ILWCH publishes original research, review essays, conference reports from around the world, and an acclaimed scholarly controversy section. Comparative and cross-disciplinary, the journal is of interest to scholars in history, sociology, political science, labor studies, global studies, and a wide range of other fields and disciplines. Published for International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc.
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