Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from medullospheres reveals a role for iron in the cancer progression of medulloblastoma

Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor with the propensity todisseminate at an early stage, and is associated with high morbidity. New treatment strategies are needed toimprove cure rates and to reduce life-long cognitive and functional deficits associated with current therapies.Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are important players in cell-to-cell communication in health and diseases. A clearerunderstanding of cell-to-cell communication in tumors can be achieved by studying EV secretion inmedullospheres. This can reveal subtle modifications induced by the passage from adherent to non-adherentgrowth, as spheres may account for the adaptation of tumor cells to the mutated environment.Methods: Formation of medullospheres from MB cell lines stabilized in adherent conditions was obtained throughculture conditioning based on low attachment flasks and specialized medium. EVs collected by ultracentrifugation,in adherent conditions and as spheres, were subjected to electron microscopy, NanoSight measurements andproteomics.Results: Interestingly, iron carrier proteins were only found in EVs shed by CSC-enriched tumor cell population ofspheres. We used iron chelators when culturing MB cell lines as spheres. Iron chelators induced a decrease innumber/size of spheres and in stem cell populations able to initiate in vitro spheres formation.Conclusions: This work suggests a not yet identified role of iron metabolism in MB progression and invasion andopens the possibility to use chelators as adjuvants in anti-tumoral chemotherapy.