我们应该如何区分恐龙“物种”?黑海恐龙囊的形态连续性

IF 4.1 3区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY
T. M. Hoyle, Manuel Sala-Pérez, F. Sangiorgi
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引用次数: 10

摘要

摘要鞭毛藻囊(dinocysts)的形态不仅与运动鞭毛藻的遗传有关,而且还取决于一系列环境因素,包括盐度、温度和营养状况。尽管这些知识提高了我们对恐龙囊形态变化背后驱动因素的理解,但它使支配它们描述的分类学变得有些复杂。在像黑海这样的盆地,环境变化可能是极端的,并且发生在相对较短的(千年)时间尺度上,分类学变得特别具有挑战性。在所描述的形式之间可以观察到形态连续性,显示出大范围的中间表型,这些表型不一定对应任何遗传差异。由于这些形态上的细微差别可能保存了有关古环境的信息,因此找到一种系统的方法来描述形态类型是很重要的。在这里,我们展示了一个dinocyst矩阵,在这个矩阵中,dinocyst是根据它们与基于关键描述参数的描述形式的相似性(或差异性)来描述的。在这里的例子中,在Pyxidinopsis psilata和spiferites crucformis中,囊肿的形状和过程和/或外膜发育的程度被作为两个关键参数,即使定义不重叠,也可以描述中间形式。我们回顾了一些经常发生的形态型,并提出使用矩阵来显示端元形式之间的逐渐变化是最实用的方法,直到囊膜研究和基因测序可以用来证明基因型和形态型之间的关系。由于先前的研究提出盐度是种内变异性的主要驱动因素,因此所呈现的端元可能代表了整体微咸环境中的极端盐度。虽然我们不能给每种形态分配一个值或一个环境参数的范围(例如盐度),因为不同的形态可能出现在同一个样本中,使用这个矩阵允许保留关于形态变异的信息,而不会创建可能需要改变的分类类别,如果遗传证据可用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Where should we draw the lines between dinocyst “species”? Morphological continua in Black Sea dinocysts
Abstract. The morphology of dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) is related not only to the genetics of the motile dinoflagellate from which it derives, but is also dependent on a range of environmental factors including salinity, temperature and nutrient status. Although this knowledge improves our understanding of the drivers behind dinocyst morphological variations, it makes the taxonomy governing their description somewhat complex. In basins such as the Black Sea, where environmental change can be extreme and occurs on relatively short (millennial) timescales, taxonomy becomes particularly challenging. Morphological continua can be observed between described forms, displaying a large range of intermediate phenotypes that do not necessarily correspond to any genetic difference. As these morphological nuances may preserve information about palaeoenvironments, it is important to find a systematic method of characterising morphotypes. Here, we show a dinocyst matrix within which dinocysts are described according to their similarity to (or difference from) described forms based on key descriptive parameters. In the example set out here, cyst shape and degree of process and/or ectophragm development are taken as two key parameters in Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis, and can allow the description of intermediate forms even though the definitions do not overlap. We review some frequently occurring morphotypes and propose that using matrices to show the gradual variation between endmember forms is the most pragmatic approach until cyst–theca studies and genetic sequencing can be used to demonstrate relationships between genotypes and morphotypes. As prior studies propose salinity to be a primary driver of intraspecific variability, the endmembers presented may represent salinity extremes within an overall brackish environment. Although we cannot assign each morphotype to a value or a range of an environmental parameter (e.g. salinity) as the different morphotypes can occur in the same sample, using this matrix allows preservation of information about morphological variability without creating taxonomic categories that are likely to require alteration if genetic evidence becomes available.
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来源期刊
Journal of Micropalaeontology
Journal of Micropalaeontology 生物-古生物学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
5.00%
发文量
7
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Micropalaeontology (JM) is an established international journal covering all aspects of microfossils and their application to both applied studies and basic research. In particular we welcome submissions relating to microfossils and their application to palaeoceanography, palaeoclimatology, palaeobiology, evolution, taxonomy, environmental change and molecular phylogeny.
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