Elective cesarean section on maternal request without indication: reasons for it, and its advantages and disadvantages

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the available research evidence on the reasons for, and advantages and disadvantages of elective cesarean section on maternal request. Design: Literature review. Methods: The review was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar from 2009 to 2020, based on PRISMA guidelines, and Mesh keywords. All types of studies reporting on the subject of the research were included, excepting case reports. STROBE and JBI checklists were used to assess the quality of studies. Sixteen studies were included in this literature review. Results: Fear of complications during vaginal delivery was the most frequent maternal reason for elective cesarean section. Fear of physical injury to the infant during vaginal delivery was the most frequent neonatal reason for elective cesarean section. Birth experiences of family, friends, or relatives was the most frequent social maternal reason given for elective cesarean section. The most common advantage of cesarean section was reduction in neonatal injuries. The incidence of maternal wound infection and risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were the most common disadvantages of cesarean section. Conclusion: Identifying the reasons for cesarean section on maternal request can help create a more precise roadmap for increasing awareness in women of the advantages of vaginal delivery, preventing prenatal complications, and reducing costs in healthcare systems.