森林残余物管理对有齿栎林啮齿动物危害的影响克罗地亚的森林

IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
M. Vucelja, L. Bjedov, Kristijan Tomljanović, J. Kranjec Orlović, Marko Boljfetić, Mislav Matijević, J. Margaletić
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引用次数: 0

摘要

小型啮齿动物(啮齿目,亚科)鼠科:真实的老鼠,田鼠)极大地影响着世界范围内森林群落的自然更新、稳定和动态。每隔3-4年,克罗地亚国家森林的啮齿动物危害在森林更新林中最为严重,特别是在有花序栎林(Quercus robur L.)和窄叶白蜡林(Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.),啮齿动物通过破坏树苗的种子、茎和根,严重阻碍自然更新。这些消极的相互作用现在是一个更大的挑战,因为有花序的橡树和窄叶梣树在过去几十年中变得更加脆弱,由于小气候和宏观气候的变化以及一系列人为、非生物和生物因素的不利相互作用,它们被称为克罗地亚低地森林中最敏感的物种。在过去40年中,克罗地亚国有森林的啮齿动物管理包括监测和主要使用灭鼠剂。多年来,为了将IPM(有害生物综合管理)的假设付诸实践,对小型啮齿动物进行了不同的预防方法测试,但并没有很多方法得到使用。本研究旨在探讨克罗地亚波萨维纳中部两个有花序栎林更新林不同的伐木残留物管理方法及其对鼠害的影响。在1个微洼地(海拔高度为95 m)和1个微高程(海拔高度为99 m)的3个地块(5x5 m)和1个地块(5x5 m)上记录了树木茎、根的鼠害情况。散在样地的采伐残渣是一种将采伐残渣(树枝)剪短并均匀分布于森林更新林分的森林残渣管理方式。没有伐木碎片的地块代表了一种残留物管理方法,在这种方法中,木材块在砍伐后完全从再生林中移除。我们统计、测定和检查了在选定地点发现的树苗(在茎和根上)的啮齿动物损害,并测定了在现场发现的伐木残留物(直径约5-7厘米的树枝)的平均重量和水分含量。2017年春季,树苗3380株(2978株;81%有花序梗的橡木,7;0.2%窄叶灰和395;11.7%其他落叶种)检查鼠害情况。在微洼地,无伐残样地的树苗毁损率仅为13.4%,而3块伐残样地的树苗毁损率平均高出6倍以上;87.8%。散落残渣现场称量的伐木残渣平均质量为10.14 kg kg/m2,含水率为19.2%。在低高程样地,无伐残样地的树苗毁损率为25.4%,有伐残样地的树苗毁损率平均高出2倍;51.4%。在SRP 1-3称重时,伐木残渣的平均质量为5.1 kg/m2。我们还确定了伐木残渣质量与鼠害之间存在中强正相关(R=0.69133),伐木残渣木材含水率与鼠害之间存在强负相关(R= -0.89598)。在未来几年,由于不可预测的气候影响和可能非常多变的小型啮齿动物动态,清除砍伐后的伐木残留物可能代表一种残留物管理,有助于更有效和基于生态的啮齿动物管理。它也可以成为一种有效的预防方法,并有助于防止严重的啮齿动物损害,即使在有花序的栎树再生林爆发。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Forest Residue Management Impact on Rodent (Rodentia: Murinae, Arvicolinae) Damage in Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) Forests in Croatia
Small rodents (Rodentia, subfam. Murinae: real mice, Arvicoline voles) greatly affect natural regeneration, stability and dynamics of forest communities worldwide. Every 3–4 years rodent damage in Croatian state forests is the most severe in forest regeneration stands, especially in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) forests, where rodents can seriously impede natural regeneration by damaging seeds, stems and roots of saplings. These negative interactions are an even bigger challenge nowdays as pedunculate oak and narrow-leaved ash have become more vunerable in the last decades and are known as the most sensitive species of lowland forests in Croatia due to microclimatic and macroclimatic changes and the unfavourable interaction of a whole series of anthropogenic, abiotic and biotic factors. In the last 40 years, in Croatian state forests, rodent management consisted of monitoring and mainly rodenticide use. Trying to implement IPM (Integrated Pest Management) postulates into practice over the years, different prevention methods against small rodents were tested, but not many came to use. The aim of this research was to look into different logging residue management approaches and their effect on the rodent damage in two pedunculate oak forest regeneration stands in central Posavina in Croatia. Rodent damage on stem and root of tree saplings was recorded by visual inspection on three plots (5x5 m) with scattered logging residue, and one plot (5x5 m) with no residue at one micro-depression site (95 m a.s.l.), and on one micro-elevation (99 m a.s.l.) site. Plots with scattered logging residue represented a type of forest residue management in which logging debris (branches) is cut to smaller lengths and distributed evenly at the forest regeneration stand. Plot with no logging debris represented a residue management method in which wood mass is completely removed from the regeneration stand after felling. We counted, determined and inspected tree saplings found at chosen plots for rodent damage (on stem and roots) and also determined the average weight and moisture content of logging residue (branches around 5–7 cm in diameter) found at the site. In spring 2017, 3380 tree saplings (2978; 81% pedunculate oak, 7; 0.2% narrow-leaved ash and 395; 11.7% other deciduous species) were inspected for rodent damage. At micro-depression site, on a plot with no logging residue, only 13.4% of the saplings were damaged, while the average share of damaged saplings on three plots with scattered residue was more than six times higher; 87.8%. The average mass of the logging residue weighed at site with scattered residue was 10.14 kg kg/m2 and moisture content was 19.2%. At micro-elevation site, 25.4% of the saplings were damaged on a plot with no logging residue, while the average share of damaged saplings on three plots with scattered residue was two times higher; 51.4%. The average mass of the logging residue weighed at SRP 1–3 was 5.1 kg/m2. We also determined moderately strong positive correlation (R=0.69133) between the mass of logging residue and rodent damage and strong negative correlation (R=–0.89598) between wood moisture content of the logging residue and rodent damage. In years ahead, with unpredictable climate effects and potentially very variable small rodent dynamics, removing the logging residue after the felling could represent a residue management that contributes to a more effective and ecologically based rodent management. It could also become a usable preventive method within IPM and help prevent sever rodent damage, even during the outbreaks in pedunculate oak regeneration stands.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
12.50%
发文量
23
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering (CROJFE) is a refereed journal distributed internationally, publishing original research articles concerning forest engineering, both theoretical and empirical. The journal covers all aspects of forest engineering research, ranging from basic to applied subjects. In addition to research articles, preliminary research notes and subject reviews are published. Journal Subjects and Fields: -Harvesting systems and technologies- Forest biomass and carbon sequestration- Forest road network planning, management and construction- System organization and forest operations- IT technologies and remote sensing- Engineering in urban forestry- Vehicle/machine design and evaluation- Modelling and sustainable management- Eco-efficient technologies in forestry- Ergonomics and work safety
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