在独裁统治下对权力说真话:世俗意识形态与伊斯兰现实政治——Ṣaddām伊拉克的激烈争论

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Amatzia Baram, B. al-Maliki
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要1986年7月,党的最高意识形态机构泛阿拉伯领导人举行了一次引人注目的绝密会议Ṣ加法Ḥ发生在战时的巴格达。这次会议是独一无二的三次。首先是媒体,一种未经桥接的录音。其次,这个话题,许多中东统治政权的困境,在世俗或半世俗意识形态和伊斯兰政治权宜之间摇摆不定。就巴哈伊运动而言,这是一场比大多数人更世俗、更意识形态的运动,这种困境尤其令人痛心。第三,它揭露了一个残暴的独裁者与三名勇敢的中尉之间的激烈冲突,这位独裁者因反对他的战友而处决了他们。表面上,它是为了与死敌穆斯林兄弟会(MB)讨论战术联盟而召开的。在两伊战争的危险时刻,Ṣaddām指出了日益膨胀的大众宗教信仰。他希望与MB结盟能够平息对其政权世俗主义的批评。尽管如此,一些与会者担心作为巴信仰核心原则的世俗阿拉伯主义岌岌可危。出乎意料的是,这次会议上演了一出惊天大戏。尽管是暂时的,但它迫使Ṣ加上ām后退一步。其他以意识形态为导向的独裁者,如弗拉基米尔·列宁、约瑟夫·斯大林、,Ḥāfiẓ 阿萨德和阿亚图拉·霍梅尼也面临着意识形态和政治的困境,但他们都没有留下如此令人惊讶的编年史。一段类似的录音也浮现在脑海中,它提供了一个罕见的关于危机时刻一个县最高机构内部工作的逐字记录——肯尼迪在古巴导弹危机期间的ExComm记录。虽然它审议了一个存在的全球问题,并发生在一个民主国家,但人们看到了相似之处,即它的细节、情感指控的曝光、向权力说出真相的能力,以及这种能力带来的好处。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Speaking Truth to Power in a Dictatorship: Secular Ideology versus Islamic Realpolitik—A Fierce Dispute in Ṣaddām’s Iraq
ABSTRACT In July 1986, a dramatic top-secret meeting of the Baʿth Pan Arab Leadership, the party’s highest ideological body, fully recorded by Ṣaddām Ḥussein, took place in wartime Baghdad. This meeting is thrice unique. First, the medium, an unabridged, audio-recording. Second, the topic, the dilemma of many Middle Eastern ruling regimes, vacillating between a secular, or semi-secular ideology and Islamic political expediency. In the case of the Baʿth, a more secular and ideological movement than most, this dilemma is particularly poignant. Third, it is exposing a bitter clash between a brutal dictator, who had executed comrades for opposing him, and three brave lieutenants. On the surface it was convened to discuss a tactical alliance with a sworn enemy, the Muslim Brethren (MB). At a dangerous moment in the Iraq-Iran War, Ṣaddām identified swelling popular religiosity. He hoped that an alliance with the MB would blunt criticism of his regime’s secularism. All the same, some participants feared that secular Arabism, the central tenet of Baʿthi faith, was at stake. Unexpectedly, the meeting produced a startling drama. Albeit temporarily, it forced Ṣaddām to take one step back. Other ideologically oriented dictators, such as Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Ḥāfiẓ al-Assad, and the Ayatollah Khomeini, too, faced ideology-politics dilemmas, yet none of them left such a surprising chronicle. A similar audio recording also comes to mind that offers a rare verbatim meeting of the inner working of a county’s highest institution at a moment of crisis – the transcripts of Kennedy’s ExComm during the Cuban Missile Crisis. While it deliberated an existential global matter and took place in a democracy, one sees similarities, namely, its detail, the exposure of emotional charges, the ability to speak truth to power, and the benefit resulting from that ability.
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来源期刊
Journal of the Middle East and Africa
Journal of the Middle East and Africa Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, the flagship publication of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA), is the first peer-reviewed academic journal to include both the entire continent of Africa and the Middle East within its purview—exploring the historic social, economic, and political links between these two regions, as well as the modern challenges they face. Interdisciplinary in its nature, The Journal of the Middle East and Africa approaches the regions from the perspectives of Middle Eastern and African studies as well as anthropology, economics, history, international law, political science, religion, security studies, women''s studies, and other disciplines of the social sciences and humanities. It seeks to promote new research to understand better the past and chart more clearly the future of scholarship on the regions. The histories, cultures, and peoples of the Middle East and Africa long have shared important commonalities. The traces of these linkages in current events as well as contemporary scholarly and popular discourse reminds us of how these two geopolitical spaces historically have been—and remain—very much connected to each other and central to world history. Now more than ever, there is an acute need for quality scholarship and a deeper understanding of the Middle East and Africa, both historically and as contemporary realities. The Journal of the Middle East and Africa seeks to provide such understanding and stimulate further intellectual debate about them for the betterment of all.
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