“从下方建设国际城市”:捷克斯洛伐克工业合作社“Interhelpo”在苏联早期比什凯克城市化建设中的作用

IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
David Leupold
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要本文探讨了捷克斯洛伐克工业合作社Interhelpo的历史轨迹,以及它在苏联早期城镇皮什佩克(现吉尔吉斯斯坦比什凯克)“自下而上”推进城市化中的作用。鉴于有关苏联早期西方国际主义公社成功与失败的文献稀少,本文借鉴吉尔吉斯斯坦的大量实地工作和捷克、吉尔吉斯斯坦、斯洛伐克和俄罗斯的研究不足,对中亚社会主义城市进行了新颖的自下而上的叙述。1914年,捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、德国国际主义者和Ido学习者在捷克斯洛伐克日利纳镇的登山家和布尔什维克Rudolf PavlovičMareček周围成立了合作社,该合作社积极推动了后来被称为苏联吉尔吉斯斯坦首都的城市化。从1925年到二战期间解散,合作社白手起家,建立了整个地区,包括城市的第一个发电站、纺织和家具厂、裁缝、鞋匠和细木工车间、一所学校、一所幼儿园、一家制革厂、一家啤酒厂以及独特的住宅区。在这个过程中,合作社形成了一种有机的拼凑语言,称为spontánne esperanto,一方面确保中欧国际主义者与包括亚美尼亚人、吉尔吉斯人、邓根人、维吾尔族人、乌兹别克人、俄罗斯人和乌克兰人在内的异质工人之间的跨地区合作。超越纯粹的历史分析,本文最终转向了当今比什凯克的城市景观。在那里,它认为,虽然Interhelpo建造的地区今天相当于一个被霸权的民族记忆政权放逐的地方,但它的物质性蕴藏着另一个未来的遗迹,能够动员人们对这座城市及其社会主义和多民族历史的替代叙事。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
‘Building the Internationalist City from Below’: The Role of the Czechoslovak Industrial Cooperative “Interhelpo” in Forging Urbanity in early-Soviet Bishkek
Abstract The paper explores the historical trajectory of Interhelpo, an industrial cooperative from Czechoslovakia, and its role in forging urbanization “from below” in early-Soviet town of Pishpek (now Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan). In light of scarce literature available on the success and failures of Western internationalist communes in the early Soviet period, this paper draws from intensive field work in Kyrgyzstan and understudied sources in Czech, Kyrgyz, Slovak and Russian to offer a novel, bottom-up narrative on the socialist city in Central Asia. Founded 1914 by Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, German internationalists and Ido-learners around the mountaineer and Bolshevik Rudolf Pavlovič Mareček in the Czechoslovakian town Žilina, the cooperative actively shaped urbanization in what would be become known as the capital of Soviet Kyrgyzstan. From 1925 until its liquidation during WWII, the cooperative built from scratch a whole district including the first electric power station of the city, textile and furniture factories, workshops for tailors, shoemakers and joiners, a school, a kindergarten, a tannery, a brewery as well as unique residential district. In the process, the cooperative forged an organic patchwork language referred to as spontánne esperanto to secure translocal collaboration between internationalists from Central Europe, on the one hand, and a heterogeneous mix of workers including Armenians, Kyrgyz, Dungans, Uygurs, Uzbeks, Russians and Ukrainians, on the other. Transcending a purely historical analysis, the paper ultimately turns to the urban landscape of present-day Bishkek. There it argues that while the district built by Interhelpo corresponds today to an exiled site dislocated by the hegemonic ethno-national memory regime, its materiality harbors relicts of another future capable of mobilizing alternative narratives on the city and her socialist and multi-ethnic past.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: ILWCH has an international reputation for scholarly innovation and quality. It explores diverse topics from globalisation and workers’ rights to class and consumption, labour movements, class identities and cultures, unions, and working-class politics. ILWCH publishes original research, review essays, conference reports from around the world, and an acclaimed scholarly controversy section. Comparative and cross-disciplinary, the journal is of interest to scholars in history, sociology, political science, labor studies, global studies, and a wide range of other fields and disciplines. Published for International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc.
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