分子系综中的电荷输运:分子电子学的最新进展

IF 6.1 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Yuru Liu, Xinkai Qiu, Saurabh Soni, R. Chiechi
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引用次数: 50

摘要

这篇综述的重点是分子系综连接,其中单个分子的单层每个跨越两个电极。这种几何结构有利于量子力学隧穿作为电荷传输的主要机制,它将键长尺度上的扰动转化为非线性电响应。在低电压和各种输入下影响这些响应的能力,如去质子化、光子吸收、异构化、氧化/还原等,创造了制造分子级电子设备的可能性,这些设备可以增强;扩展;而且,在某些情况下,性能优于传统的半导体电子产品。此外,这些分子器件在某种程度上是通过自组装来定义具有原子精度的单纳米特征来制造自己的。尽管这些连接与单分子连接有许多共同的特性,但它们也具有独特的特性,这些特性带来了一系列不同的问题,并表现出独特的特性。集成连接的主要代价是功能的复杂性;无序的分子集合体更难建模,特别是在原子上,但它们是静态的,可以集成到集成电路中。近年来,随着对分子集成和实验平台对电荷输运调解的更深入的科学见解,向有用功能的进展已经加速,这使得实证研究能够控制缺陷和人工产物。本综述通过其组成部分的权衡、复杂性和敏感性来分离连接;所述集合被锚定到的底部电极以及所述锚定化学性质(化学性质和电子耦合性质);分子层及其电子结构、电荷输运机制和电输出之间的关系;顶部电极通过定义其几何形状来实现单个结,以及第二个分子电极界面。由于人们对这一跨学科领域的兴趣和可及性越来越大,现在这些部分中的每一部分都有足够的多样性,可以单独对待它们。当以这种方式看待时,清晰的结构-功能关系就出现了,可以作为提取有用功能的设计规则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Charge transport through molecular ensembles: Recent progress in molecular electronics
This review focuses on molecular ensemble junctions in which the individual molecules of a monolayer each span two electrodes. This geometry favors quantum mechanical tunneling as the dominant mechanism of charge transport, which translates perturbances on the scale of bond lengths into nonlinear electrical responses. The ability to affect these responses at low voltages and with a variety of inputs, such as de/protonation, photon absorption, isomerization, oxidation/reduction, etc., creates the possibility to fabricate molecule-scale electronic devices that augment; extend; and, in some cases, outperform conventional semiconductor-based electronics. Moreover, these molecular devices, in part, fabricate themselves by defining single-nanometer features with atomic precision via self-assembly. Although these junctions share many properties with single-molecule junctions, they also possess unique properties that present a different set of problems and exhibit unique properties. The primary trade-off of ensemble junctions is complexity for functionality; disordered molecular ensembles are significantly more difficult to model, particularly atomistically, but they are static and can be incorporated into integrated circuits. Progress toward useful functionality has accelerated in recent years, concomitant with deeper scientific insight into the mediation of charge transport by ensembles of molecules and experimental platforms that enable empirical studies to control for defects and artifacts. This review separates junctions by the trade-offs, complexity, and sensitivity of their constituents; the bottom electrode to which the ensembles are anchored and the nature of the anchoring chemistry both chemically and with respect to electronic coupling; the molecular layer and the relationship among electronic structure, mechanism of charge transport, and electrical output; and the top electrode that realizes an individual junction by defining its geometry and a second molecule–electrode interface. Due to growing interest in and accessibility of this interdisciplinary field, there is now sufficient variety in each of these parts to be able to treat them separately. When viewed this way, clear structure–function relationships emerge that can serve as design rules for extracting useful functionality.
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