Effect of cyclohexanol on phase stability and volatility behavior of hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends

Biofuels can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and bridging the gap between production and consumption. Ethanol is a renewable source of energy. It can reduce oil dependence and also can be appropriately used in gasoline as a blend. The high cost of dry ethanol has turned the researcher's attention to the more economic hydrous ethanol. However many works were focused on its impact on the engine performance and the exhaust emissions; few works were interested in the phase stability of those blends. This work aims to study the impact of blending cyclohexanol (CH) into hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends as a stabilizing agent. Four dual-alcohol (E5-3CH, E10-3CH, E15-3CH, and E20-3CH) blends were investigated besides their single hydrous ethanol (E0, E5, E10, E15, and E20) blends. The tests involved; water tolerance, distillation curve, and vapor pressure. Vapor lock protection potential, the area under the distillation curve (AUDC), and the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF) were calculated. The obtained results show that cyclohexanol significantly increases the water tolerance of hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends. The blends of E5 and E10 which were separated at 30 °C converted into miscible and clear samples when they were blended with 3 vol% of cyclohexanol. These samples can also tolerate additional water. For E20, the addition of 3 vol% of cyclohexanol increased the water tolerance by about six times. Also, it was found that cyclohexanol does not have any negative effect on the volatility properties of the fuel blends. It was found that blending CH into the hydrous ethanol blends causes a significant increase in the AUDC and consequently, the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF) decrease.