对Jan Breman《劳动阶级:印度中部钢铁城镇的工作与生活》的评论文章的回应

IF 1.3 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
J. Parry
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引用次数: 8

摘要

我感谢Jan Breman对《劳工阶级》的慷慨评论和批判性参与,并感谢本杂志的编辑给我回复的机会。布雷曼的重点只是书中的一个核心论点。我的回应在很大程度上也会效仿,不过,为了解释为什么我觉得他对他的限制没有说服力,我需要简要提及我分析中的其他一些方面,他的评论基本上已经忽略了,这些是他提出异议的关键命题不可或缺的背景。在他的摘要的开头一句中,布雷曼宣称,从他职业生涯的一开始,他就拒绝接受这样一种观点,即劳动力的前景可以分为正规和非正规部门劳动力。也许他忘了?他1994年散文集的第一章最初发表于1976年,是对他早期“将当地劳动力市场划分为两个部门”的尝试的否定,也是对由多个等级组成的劳动力等级制度的更细致描述的呼吁(Breman,1994:18)。当我试图回顾布雷曼在书中的立场时,布雷曼的改口有两个方面特别打动了我(第2章,第3节)。首先,根据1976年那篇文章本身和1994年再版的那篇文章中暗示的经验证据,撤回的必要性似乎并不紧迫。事实上,许多证据表明,劳动力精英(主要是有组织部门大型企业的正式工人)和其他劳动力(主要是布雷曼确定的其他三个主要劳动力部分:小资产阶级、次无产阶级和穷人——这个名单似乎是临时的和可扩展的)之间存在着深刻的分歧。除其他外,劳动精英更像是工薪阶层,而不是无产阶级,在物质条件、消费模式、愿望和价值观以及具有不同利益的意识方面与其他人有着明显的区别。进入这一阶层的流动性非常有限,包括来自这一阶层工人在内的联合家庭很少长期保持联合。令我印象深刻的第二个方面是,印度劳工研究的另外两位元老在几乎相同的时间遵循了几乎相同的轨迹。考虑Holmström(1976年)和Holmstróm(1984年)之间以及Harriss(1982年)和Harriss(1986年)之间的转变。最初所描绘的是,一方面,那些占据相对特权“堡垒”、拥有安全和良好生活的人之间的劳动等级制度明显断裂-
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Response to Jan Breman's Review Essay on Classes of Labour: Work and Life in a Central Indian Steel Town
I am grateful to Jan Breman for his generous comments on, and critical engagement with, Classes of Labour, and to the editors of this journal for the opportunity to reply. Breman’s focus is on just one of the book’s central arguments. My response will for the most part follow suit, though to explain why I do not find his strictures on it convincing I need to briefly refer to some other strands in my analysis that his commentary has largely passed over and that are indispensable background to the key proposition with which he takes issue. In the opening sentence of his Abstract Breman declares that from the beginning of his career he rejected the idea that the landscape of labour can be seen in dichotomous terms, divided between a formal and an informal sector workforce. Perhaps he forgets? Originally published in 1976, the first chapter of his 1994 essay collection is a repudiation of his own earlier attempts “to divide the local labour market into two divisions” and a plea for a more nuanced picture of the labour hierarchy as composed of multiple gradations (Breman, 1994: 18). Two aspects of Breman’s recantation particularly struck me when I attempted to review his position in the book (Chapter 2, Section 3). First, in the light of the empirical evidence alluded to in that 1976 essay itself and in the one that is reprinted next in the 1994 collection, the need to recant at all did not seem pressing. What much of that evidence in fact pointed to was a deep division between the labour elite (mainly regular workers in sizeable enterprises in the organised sector) and the rest of the workforce (primarily the three other major fractions of labour that Breman identified: the petit-bourgeoisie, the sub-proletariat and the paupers – a list that was seemingly provisional and expandable). Among other things, the labour elite was more like a salariat than a proletariat, was clearly distinguished from others in its material conditions, consumption patterns, aspirations and values, and by its consciousness of having different interests. Mobility into this stratum was very limited and joint households that included workers from across this divide seldom remained joint for long. The second aspect that struck me was that two other doyens of Indian labour studies had followed much the same trajectory at much the same time. Consider the shift between Holmström (1976) and Holmström (1984), and between Harriss (1982) and Harriss (1986). What was initially portrayed was a clear break in the hierarchy of labour between, on the one hand, those who occupy a “citadel” of relative privilege with secure and well-
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来源期刊
Global Labour Journal
Global Labour Journal INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR-
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12.50%
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