Trends and projection of demographic indices of the Libyan population using a fifty-year census data 1954-2016

Background: Libya is a North African country with the longest coast on the Mediterranean basin facing Europe. Little is known about the demographic characteristics of the Libyan population. Herein, we examine the demographic features and disparities in age and gender among Libyans over the last fifty years, which could be useful for future planning and allocation of resources. Data and methods: Census data were used to analyze the demographic parameters and age trends from 1954 to 2016 by decades. Findings: The total Libyan population increased with significant sex differences during all decades. Fertility rates increased and mortality rates decreased. There had been more males during the first three decades but then their percentage declined since 1984, with women accounting for 49% in 2006. The working-age population increased to 67% by 2006. Conclusion: These findings are discussed in the light of major demographic changes that has occurred in the Libyan society. Libya as a whole has enjoyed low mortality and great improvement in socioeconomic status.