负排放技术的地缘政治:从REDD+和可再生能源造林、BECCS和直接空气捕获中吸取教训

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
J. Kreuter, Markus Lederer
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引用次数: 5

摘要

近年来,负排放技术作为应对人为气候变化的一系列措施的潜在组成部分,特别是在2015年《联合国气候变化框架公约》《巴黎协定》和2018年政府间气候变化专门委员会特别报告《全球变暖1.5°C》之后,受到了越来越多的关注。这种对全球气候政策日益重要的意义面临着许多悬而未决的问题,其中包括大规模使用网络的地缘政治影响。本文概述了我们可以从现有的国际“绿色”方法中学到的网络可能的地缘政治未来。我们致力于评估净能源情景的政治影响,解决以下问题:大规模部署三种净能源,即造林、生物能源与碳捕集与封存(BECCS)和直接空气捕集与碳封存(DACCS),潜在的地缘政治挑战、冲突和后果是什么?我们转向可再生能源和减少森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放这两个案例来寻求答案。我们发现,首先,不仅是植树造林,BECCS甚至DACCS也会由于其对领土的要求而产生地缘政治影响——例如后两种情况下,由于对适当的碳储存空间的要求。其次,各种网络的材料需求也可能影响地缘政治星座并引发冲突,在大规模部署的情况下,为世界上某些国家和地区提供新的杠杆,例如那些可以为肥料(用于造林和BECCS)或能源生产(用于DACCS)提供原材料的国家和地区。第三,空间和身份的话语建构可能会导致非常有趣的新争论模式,例如,如果特定的民族国家能够成功地构建一个领先的气候保护者的身份,并利用它向其他国家施加压力。大规模使用网络来对抗人为气候变化的地缘政治影响是什么?
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The geopolitics of negative emissions technologies: learning lessons from REDD+ and renewable energy for afforestation, BECCS, and direct air capture
Non-technical summary Negative emissions technologies (NETs) have received increasing interest in recent years as a potential part of a portfolio of measures to address anthropogenic climate change, in particular following the 2015 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement and the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report ‘Global Warming of 1.5 °C’. This increasing significance for global climate policy is faced with a multitude of open questions regarding, among others, the geopolitical implications of large-scale use of NETs. This paper outlines what we can learn for the possible geopolitical futures of NETs from existing international ‘green’ approaches. Technical summary We contribute to assessing political implications of NET scenarios, addressing the following question: What are potential geopolitical challenges, conflicts, and consequences of a large-scale deployment of three NETs, namely afforestation, bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and direct air capture and carbon storage (DACCS)? We turn to the two cases of renewable energies and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation for answers. We find that, first, not only afforestation, but also BECCS and even DACCS would have a geopolitical impact due to their requirements of territory – in the latter two cases, for instance, due to requirements for appropriate carbon storage space. Second, the material requirements of various NETs might also impact geopolitical constellations and induce conflict, providing certain countries and regions of the world with new leverage in the case of large-scale deployment, for instance those which can provide raw materials for fertilizer (for afforestation and BECCS) or energy generation (for DACCS). Third, discursive construction of space and identity might lead to very interesting new patterns of contestation, for instance if specific nation-states can successfully construct an identity of front-running climate protectors and use this to put pressure on other states. Social media summary What might be geopolitical implications of using NETs on a large scale to counteract anthropogenic climate change?
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来源期刊
Global Sustainability
Global Sustainability Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
3.60%
发文量
19
审稿时长
17 weeks
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