重新定义海洋野生动物旅游的供应

IF 2.4 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM
L. Meyer, Christine Barry, G. Araujo, A. Barnett, J. Brunnschweiler, A. Chin, A. Gallagher, Teleah Healy, Alison A. Kock, D. Newsome, A. Ponzo, C. Huveneers
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引用次数: 9

摘要

摘要野生动物旅游利用各种刺激来吸引物种并促进近距离接触。这类活动通常被称为供应,但该术语与吸引、喂食、引诱和亲密关系可互换使用,有时甚至是错误的,所有这些都缺乏一致的定义。在这里,我们回顾了科学文献和旅游运营商网页上目前在海鸟、硬骨鱼、海洋哺乳动物、海洋爬行动物、鳐鱼和鲨鱼旅游中使用的供应相关术语。然后,我们建议将供应重新分类为喂养、吸引和改变栖息地,提供八个具体术语来反映:(1)刺激是否利用了野生动物的食欲或寻找首选栖息地;(2) 引诱剂的性质(是否可消费);(3) 如果使用消耗性引诱剂(直接、间接或偶然喂食)或改良栖息地(有意或重新利用的改良),则活动的意图;以及(4)哪些物种受到该活性的影响(目标物种或非目标物种)。我们将这些术语应用于世界各地的野生动物旅游,以更好地了解不同分类群的旅游实践。澄清描述这些野生动物相互作用的术语可以确保它们在科学文献中得到准确描述,这反过来将有助于资源管理者和行业团体系统地评估这些多样的活动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Redefining provisioning in marine wildlife tourism
ABSTRACT Wildlife tourism uses various stimuli to attract species and facilitate close encounters. Such activities are often referred to as provisioning, however the term is used interchangeably, and sometimes erroneously, with attracting, feeding, luring, and chumming, all of which lack consistent definitions. Here, we review the current use of provisioning-associated terminology in marine bird, teleost (bony fish), marine mammal, marine reptile, ray and shark tourism, within the scientific literature and on tourism operator webpages. We then propose to reclassify provisioning into Feeding, Attracting, and Modifying habitat, providing eight specific terms that reflect: (1) if the stimulus exploits wildlife appetite or search for preferred habitat; (2) the nature of the attractant (consumable or not); (3) the intention of the activity if using consumable attractants (direct, indirect, or incidental feeding) or modified habitat (intentional or repurposed modification); and (4) which species are affected by the activity (target or non-target species). We applied these terms to wildlife tourism around the world to gain better insight into tourism practices across taxa. Clarifying the terminology describing these wildlife interactions ensures they can be accurately described in the scientific literature, which will in turn help resource managers and industry groups to systematically assess these diverse activities.
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来源期刊
Journal of Ecotourism
Journal of Ecotourism Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
12.50%
发文量
32
期刊介绍: The Journal of Ecotourism seeks to advance the field by examining the social, economic, and ecological aspects of ecotourism at a number of scales, and including regions from around the world. Journal of Ecotourism welcomes conceptual, theoretical, and empirical research, particularly where it contributes to the dissemination of new ideas and models of ecotourism planning, development, management, and good practice. While the focus of the journal rests on a type of tourism based principally on natural history - along with other associated features of the man-land nexus - it will consider papers which investigate ecotourism as part of a broader nature based tourism, as well as those works which compare or contrast ecotourism/ists with other forms of tourism/ists.
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