乌克兰宪法刑事法典条款矛盾认定中的法官自由裁量权

P. Demchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该条讨论了法院行使隐性权力的可能性问题,这些权力未由刑事诉讼法界定,但由乌克兰宪法规定。当法院得出结论认为刑法的某一规定不符合乌克兰宪法时,就会出现这种困境。根据正式的做法,刑事诉讼法没有赋予法院评估刑法是否符合乌克兰宪法的权力。主要的假设是,法官缺乏评价刑法质量的权力与确保尊重人权的需要之间的冲突应该根据正当程序即人权的价值论性质来解决。通过这一概念,笔者认为,在适用刑法将违反乌克兰宪法的情况下,法院必须合理地确立这种与《基本法》的矛盾,而不适用相关规定。这种做法要求制定一种方法,随意评估刑法条款的合宪性,以防止在刑事诉讼过程中任意适用普遍价值和宪法类别。笔者认为,有可能提出以下评估乌克兰《刑法》条款是否符合刑法合法性原则的算法:对该条款的字面解释(多于一种解释将表明不确定性),对其适用的分析(在最高法院层面的不一致做法表明不确定性)。还必须评估《乌克兰刑法》条款所涵盖领域的复杂性,以及通过寻求律师的专业意见来消除对其适用的疑问的可能性。在制定一揽子处分的情况下,有必要进一步研究采用刑法所指规范的权力的存在性及其确定性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Judge’s Discretion in Identifying Contradiction in Provisions of the Criminal Code to the Constitution of Ukraine
This article addresses the problem of the possibility of exercising implicit powers of the court that are not defined by the criminal procedure law but are provided by the Constitution of Ukraine. Such dilemmas arise in cases when the court comes to the conclusion that a certain provision of the criminal law does not comply with the Constitution of Ukraine. According to the formal approach, the criminal procedure law does not give the court the power to assess the criminal law for compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine.The main hypothesis is that the conflict between a judge’s lack of power to assess the quality of criminal law and the need to ensure respect for human rights should be resolved in the light of the axiological nature of due process, namely human rights. Through this concept, the author argues that in cases where the application of the criminal law will violate the Constitution of Ukraine, the court must reasonably establish such a contradiction with the Basic Law and not apply the relevant provision. This approach requires the formulation of a methodology for the casual assessment of the constitutionality of the provisions of criminal law in order to prevent the arbitrary application of universal values and categories of constitutional law in the course of criminal proceedings.The author considers it possible to propose the following algorithm for assessing the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine for compliance with the principle of legality in criminal law: literal interpretation of the provision (more than one interpretation will indicate uncertainty), analysis of its application (inconsistent practice at the cassation level indicates uncertainty). It is also necessary to assess the complexity of the area covered by the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the possibility of eliminating doubts about its application by seeking professional advice from a lawyer. In the case of the formulation of a blanket disposition, it is necessary to additionally study the existence of powers to adopt the norm to which the criminal law refers and its certainty.
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