低氧条件下的短跑间歇训练与运动表现&综述

IF 0.2 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES
Domen Tominec, T. Debevec
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引用次数: 0

摘要

训练中经常使用缺氧来增加代谢负荷和提高生理适应能力,以提高运动成绩。最近建立的高原训练方法“低氧条件下的短跑间歇训练”(SIH)要求个人在低氧条件下进行多次30秒的Wingate短跑,中间穿插3-5分钟的恢复期。由于在低氧条件下重复的超最大努力的执行似乎没有受到影响,因此假设与常氧状态下的短跑间歇训练(SIT)相比,SIH可能会进一步提高运动表现。为了阐明短跑间歇训练中缺氧对运动表现的作用,对现有文献进行了系统综述。在PubMed、SportDiscusTM和Web of Science在线数据库中搜索了截至2023年3月发表的评估SIH和SIT后运动表现变化的原创文章。确定了六项研究(随机对照试验(RCT)),评估持续2-6周的SIH干预措施。目前,现有的科学文献并没有表明,与SIT相比,SIH可以额外提高运动表现。SIH后无氧阈值的潜在变化,而SIT后无氧阈值没有变化,需要进一步研究,以充分阐明对运动表现的后续影响。然而,有证据支持已知的有益的外周适应,以增加氧化和糖酵解能力,特别是在II型快速抽搐纤维中,在SIH之后,但不是SIT。在足够长的SIH训练方案后,这些局部适应可能有助于提高运动成绩。未来关于SIH的随机对照试验,特别是关于与绩效相关的基本机制的随机对照研究似乎是有必要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SPRINT INTERVAL TRAINING IN HYPOXIA AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE – A SHORT REVIEW
Hypoxia is often used during training to augment metabolic load and heighten physiological adaptations with the aim of exercise performance improvements. The recently established altitude training method »sprint interval training in hypoxia« (SIH) requires individuals to perform multiple 30 s Wingate sprints under hypoxia, interspersed with 3–5 min recovery periods. As the execution of repeated supramaximal efforts in hypoxia does not seem to be compromised, it was hypothesized that SIH might further augment exercise performance compared to sprint interval training in normoxia (SIT). To elucidate the usefulness of hypoxia during sprint interval training for exercise performance a systematic review of the available literature was conducted. The PubMed, SportDiscusTM, and Web of Science online databases were searched for original articles – published up to March 2023 – assessing changes in exercise performance following SIH and SIT. Six studies (randomized controlled trials (RCTs)) were identified, evaluating SIH interventions lasting 2–6 weeks. Currently, the available scientific literature does not suggest that SIH additively augments exercise performance in comparison to SIT. The potential changes in anaerobic thresholds after SIH, but not after SIT require further investigation to fully elucidate the subsequent effects on exercise performance. Nevertheless, there is evidence to support beneficial peripheral adaptations known to increase the oxidative and glycolytic capacity, especially in type II, fast-twitch fibers, following SIH, but not SIT. These local adaptations could potentially enable superior improvement in exercise performance after long enough SIH training protocols. Future RCTs on SIH and, particularly, on the performance-related underlying mechanisms seem warranted.
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Kinesiologia Slovenica
Kinesiologia Slovenica SPORT SCIENCES-
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