伪造保险标的骗取保险金:是民事过失还是刑事犯罪?

IF 1 4区 社会学 Q2 LAW
Z. Jing
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要保险欺诈是一个严重的问题,在我国主要通过民事责任和刑事处罚机制来解决。本文严格审查了这些机制及其在不同类型欺诈中的应用,确定了这些机制存在的和潜在的问题,并参考英国普通法欺诈索赔规则和2006年《欺诈法》(英国)提出了解决这些问题的方案。我国刑法规定了一种独特的保险诈骗类型,即“虚构保险标的,骗取保险金”,但该法没有对这种类型的诈骗行为作出定义,这就造成了欺诈案件审判的司法困难。这种欺诈行为分为两个阶段:合同订立阶段的“虚构保险标的”和索赔阶段的“骗取保险金”。它认为,“捏造保险标的”一词应狭义解释,因为它仅指将不存在的保险标的捏造为存在的保险主题的欺诈行为;对保险标的的特征或者性质的捏造,不应当被视为“捏造保险标的”的欺诈行为。本条审查了民法或刑法可能处理这类欺诈的情况,并提出了确定这类欺诈以及正确适用民事补救措施或刑事制裁的准则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fabricating insurance subject matter and defrauding insurance money: a civil wrong or a criminal offence?
ABSTRACT Insurance fraud is a serious problem and is dealt with mainly by the mechanisms of civil liability and criminal punishment in China. This article critically examines these mechanisms and their application to different types of fraud, identifies the existing and potential problems with them, and also propose solutions to the problems with reference to the English common law fraudulent claims rule and the Fraud Act 2006 (UK). Chinese Criminal Law provides a unique type of insurance fraud, namely, ‘fabricate insurance subject matter and defraud insurance money’, but no definition of this type of fraud is provided in the Law, this causes judicial difficulty in the trial of the fraud cases. This type of fraud is committed at two stages: ‘fabricate insurance subject matter’ at the stage of conclusion of the contract and ‘defraud insurance money’ at the stage of making claims. It argues that the phrase of ‘fabricate insurance subject matter’ should be construed in a narrow sense that it only refers to the fraud where a non-existent insurance subject matter is fabricated into an existent one; while fabrication of the features or characters of the insurance subject matter should not be taken as the fraud of ‘fabricate insurance subject matter’. This article examines the circumstances under which this type of fraud may be dealt with by civil law or criminal law and puts forward guidelines for the determination of this type of fraud and for the correct application of civil remedies or criminal sanction for the fraud.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
54
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