委内瑞拉的结构性脆弱性及其对南美战略环境的影响

Fernanda Delgado de Jesus, João Victor Rodrigues Cardoso
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文从地缘政治的角度分析了委内瑞拉的脆弱性如何影响南美的稳定,而巴西在南美洲扮演着相对的角色。根据区域安全综合体理论,假设这种脆弱性会影响南美空间,因为国家行为者的安全在一个综合体中是相互依存的。一方面,脆弱性可以用油气储量的结构维度来解释。另一方面,对南美稳定的影响通过以下向量切线巴西的角色:能源地缘政治、商业和金融、移民流动和区域一体化。该分析模型验证了区域机制的瘫痪,委内瑞拉危机遵循了建立友谊/敌意模式的逻辑,基于支持区域一体化进程的民主条款。根据TCRS的说法,这些模式的形成是通过渗透机制与外部力量相一致的,协调了地区和全球安全。创建文件组和空的区域组织,它们隔离,实际上,危机在委内瑞拉和巴西的挑战的台词,是标准的现象持续的友谊/敌意,金砖国家身份和利益获得外国技术hegemonica和国际秩序的保护她。本文从地缘政治角度分析了委内瑞拉的脆弱性如何影响南美洲的稳定,巴西是南美洲的相对主角。根据区域安全综合体理论(TSRC),它从这样一种脆弱性影响南美洲空间的假设开始,因为各国的安全在一个综合体中是相互依赖的。一方面,脆弱性是通过储层的结构维度来解释的。另一方面,对南美稳定的影响通过以下途径影响巴西的主导地位:能源地缘政治、商业金融、移民流动和区域一体化。这种分析模型证实,区域机制对委内瑞拉危机的瘫痪符合建立友好/包容模式的逻辑,这种模式是建立在区域一体化进程基础上的民主条款基础上的。根据《反弹道导弹条约》,这些模式的形成符合与外国势力渗透、协调区域和全球安全的机制。利马集团的建立和孤立委内瑞拉危机和挑战巴西领导地位的区域机构的消失是一种现象,其特点是持续的友好/友好模式,与霸权外国势力及其受保护的国际秩序所促进的特性和利益相一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Vulnerabilidade Estrutural da Venezuela e os Impactos ao Entorno Estratégico Sul-Americano
RESUMO O trabalho analisa geopoliticamente como a vulnerabilidade venezuelana impacta a estabilidade da America do Sul, onde o Brasil desempenha relativo protagonismo. A luz da Teoria do Complexo Regional de Seguranca (TCRS), parte-se da hipotese de que tal vulnerabilidade afeta o espaco sul-americano, pois a seguranca dos atores estatais seria interdependente em um complexo. De um lado, a vulnerabilidade e explicada mediante a dimensao estrutural das reservas de hidrocarbonetos. Por outro, os impactos a estabilidade sul-americana tangenciam o protagonismo brasileiro por meio dos seguintes vetores: geopolitica da energia, comercial-financeiro, fluxo migratorio e integracao regional. Tal modelo analitico verifica que a paralisia de mecanismos regionais a crise venezuelana segue a logica de construcao de padroes de amizade/inimizade, baseados na clausula democratica que sustenta os processos de integracao regional. A formacao desses padroes, segundo a TCRS, se alinha via mecanismo de penetracao a potencias externas, harmonizando-se a seguranca regional e a global. A criacao do Grupo de Lima e o esvaziamento dos organismos regionais, que, com efeito, isolam a crise venezuelana e desafiam o protagonismo do Brasil, sao fenomenos que caracterizam os padroes de amizade/inimizade em curso, alinhados as identidades e interesses promovidos pela potencia externa hegemonica e a ordem internacional por ela protegida. ABSTRACT The paper analyses geopolitically how the Venezuelan vulnerability impacts the stability in South America, where Brazil is a relative protagonist. In the light of the Theory of Security Regional Complex (TSRC), it starts from the hypothesis that such vulnerability affects the South American space, because states’ security would be interdependent in a Complex. On one side, the vulnerability is explained through the structural dimension of hydrocarbons reserves. On the other, the impacts to South American stability touch the Brazilian protagonism through the following vectors: geopolitics of energy, commercial-financial, migratory flow and regional integration. Such analytical model verifies that the paralysis of regional mechanisms to Venezuelan crisis follows the logics of building amity/enmity patterns, based on democratic clause which underpins the regional integration processes. The formation of these patterns, according to the TSRC, aligns through the mechanisms of penetration with foreign powers, conciliating regional and global security. The establishment of Lima Group and the emptying of regional organisms which isolate the Venezuelan crisis and challenges the protagonism of Brazil are phenomena which characterize the ongoing amity/enmity patterns, aligned with the identities and interests boosted by hegemonic foreign power and its protected international order.
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