基于次氯酸钠制备的消毒剂生态毒理学评价的试验电池法

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI:10.2478/foecol-2023-0015
A. Fargašová, Ammara Nawaz, M. Molnárová
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本研究涉及评估代表不同营养水平的许多生物测定法的总体敏感性和适用性,用于标记为SA(SAVO,Bochemie a.s.,捷克共和国)和DoAm(Dom Amor,BOOS–Biologickésubstance,斯洛伐克共和国)的商用消毒剂的初步生态毒理学测试。消毒剂是以次氯酸钠(NaOCl)为基础制备的。SA只含有NaOCl,而蚯蚓酶富含DoAm。在这两种商业产品中,NaOCl含量均不超过5%;也使用纯NaOCl作为10%的溶液。为了进行生物测定,使用了位于不同营养水平的水生物(费氏弧菌、Desmodesmus subspicatus、大型水蚤和Tubifex Tubifex)。所有的试验都被证实适用于测定氯的不良反应。由于生物体对受试消毒剂的反应各不相同,它们可以按以下灵敏度等级排列:费氏乳杆菌≥亚种>>大型乳杆菌>>管状乳杆菌。受试物质(NaOCl、SA、DoAm)的毒性取决于暴露时间、生物体种类和FAC(游离有效氯)含量。测试产品的有效浓度范围为0.13至8.18μL L–1,即0.014至0.26 mg L–1的FAC。然而,在T.tubifex和V.fischeri的测试中,NaOCl的毒性作用最弱;对另外两种生物的测试证实,这种化合物毒性最大。只有对于T.tubifex(96小时),SA的不良反应比DoAm更严重。
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A test battery approach for ecotoxicological evaluation of disinfectants prepared on the basis of sodium hypochlorite
Abstract The research is related to the assessment of the overall sensitivity and applicability of many bioassays representing different trophic levels for the preliminary ecotoxicological testing of commercial disinfectants marked as SA (SAVO, Bochemie a.s., Czech Republic) and DoAm (Dom Amor, BOOS – Biologické substancie, Slovak Republic). Disinfectants were prepared based on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). SA contains only NaOCl while earthworm enzymes enrich DoAm. In both commercial products, the NaOCl content did not exceed 5%; pure NaOCl was used as a 10% solution as well. For bioassay, water organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna and Tubifex tubifex) situated in various trophic levels were used. All the tests were confirmed as suitable for the determination of chlorine’s adverse effects. Because the organisms’ reactions to the tested disinfectants varied, they can be arranged in the following rank order of sensitivity: V. fischeri ≥ D. subspicatus >> D. magna >> T. tubifex. The toxicity of the tested substances (NaOCl, SA, DoAm) depends on the length of exposure, the species of the organism and FAC (free available chlorine) content. The effective concentrations of the tested products ranged from 0.13 to 8.18 μL L–1, i.e., 0.014 to 0.26 mg L–1 of FAC. However, in the tests with T. tubifex and V. fischeri the toxic effect of NaOCl was the weakest; the tests with other two organisms confirmed this compound as the most toxic. Only for T. tubifex (96 hrs) did SA have a more adverse effect than DoAm.
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