Application of full-waveform inversion to land data: Case studies in onshore Mexico

Velocity model building and imaging for land surveys are often challenging due to near-surface complexity contaminating the reflection signal. Incorporating full-waveform inversion (FWI) in the velocity model building workflow for land surveys offers benefits not achieved with traditional model building tools, but it also brings difficulties. We have developed an effective model building workflow for land seismic data that incorporates dynamic matching FWI (DMFWI). DMFWI employs an objective function that uses multidimensional local windowed crosscorrelations between the dynamically matched version of observed and synthetic data. Dynamic matching de-emphasizes the impact of amplitudes, allowing the algorithm to focus on using kinematic information for velocity updates. The proposed workflow produces a geologically plausible and consistent model for data acquired with limited offsets. Refraction and reflection tomography may also be included in the workflow. The workflow is applied to onshore surveys in Mexico. Despite challenges of the near-surface geology and limitations of the acquisition parameters in the study areas, the proposed model building workflow successfully derives a high-resolution velocity model that significantly improves the migrated depth image.