Modelling Front and Back Squat Record Scores in Long-Term Training of Young Weightlifters

Abstract Introduction. Front and back squats are multi-joint exercises used in sports to develop strength, power and muscle mass. Due to their movement structure and involvement of the main muscle groups, they are training measures that are used in strength training in various sports. A long-term training process leading to sports mastery requires the correct selection of loads as well as objective control of the training effects to date, both short-term and long-term. The aim of this study was to create a statistical model and to determine with it the character of the changes in the record scores in the front and back squat of young weight-lifters over a two-year training cycle. Material and Methods. The study included 17 young athletes training in competitive weightlifting. Recorded scores in the front squat and back squat were measured seven times (every three months over a two-year training cycle). The progression method was used to determine the maximum load, and the repetition with the highest load (1RM) was used in the calculations. Results. The subjects performed better in the back squat, but the difference between the results for both squats was approximately constant over the two-year training cycle. The time courses of both squats were similar over the analysed period. Systematic increases in maximum results were observed. The first statistically non-significant differences between the mean record values in successive measurements were found between the sixth and seventh measurements for both squats. Conclusions. Determining the relationship between front and back squat record scores can contribute to the optimisation of training loads in sports using strength training. Obtaining an analytical form of the course of record scores over time for both squats helps to assess the skill level of athletes and predict their performance in the next training macro-cycle.