加拉帕戈斯熔岩蜥蜴(Microlophus bivittatus)对雄性肩关节在特定模仿机器人上操作的显示反应

IF 1.3 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY
D. L. Clark, J. Macedonia, E. Neyer, Angela M. E. Mish, J. Rowe, C. Valle
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:许多动物类群在争夺领地和配偶的仪式化竞赛中表现出刻板印象。这样的展示有助于评估对手的实力,并降低身体受伤的可能性。颜色图案同样可以作为个体身体状况的指标。加拉帕戈斯群岛的雄性圣克里斯托巴尔熔岩蜥蜴(Microlophus bivittatus)每只肩膀上都有一个黑色肩章,与周围的身体颜色形成对比。我们在一系列四个实验中创造了具有同种雄性外观的机器人,以探索肩章的潜在功能。我们的实验集中在俯卧撑过程中肩章的存在/不存在、身体位置以及相对于身体运动轴的位置(胸带与骨盆带)。使用一个机器人对成年雄性和雌性进行配对试验,该机器人进行双箭M.bivittatus特征展示,两侧肩章属性不同。我们量化了受试者的两种摆动显示:特征显示和两种摆动。我们还计算了一个综合反应(CR)评分,根据受试者攻击性的明显水平,将分值分配给非obbing显示和显示组合的类型。实验1的结果显示,男性(而非女性)在有肩章的机器人一侧比没有肩章的一侧进行了更多的签名显示,这表明肩章具有信号功能。两种性别的治疗之间的综合反应得分没有差异。在实验2中,无论是男性还是女性,对增大的肩章都没有比对缩小的肩章进行更多的摆动展示。然而,男性对增大的肩章表现出更高的CR分数,这表明肩章的大小或显著性对其功能很重要。在实验3中,两种性别对机器人肩膀上肩章的摆动显示都比对臀部肩章的波动显示多。然而,男性对肩章的反应累积的CR分数明显大于对肩章,这表明男性知道肩章的正常位置。最后,在实验4中,我们的机器人进行了后肢俯卧撑,而不是前肢俯卧撑,受试者在对肩章的反应中没有表现出比对肩章更多的摆动。CR评分在两种性别的治疗之间也没有差异,可能是由于后肢驱动的摆动显示的显著异常。尽管双箭花肩章的功能仍然难以捉摸,但这些标记显然对雄性同种动物来说是显著的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Display Responses of Galápagos Lava Lizards ( Microlophus bivittatus) to Manipulation of Male Shoulder Epaulets on Conspecific-Mimicking Robots
Abstract: Many animal taxa perform stereotyped displays during ritualized contests over territory and mates. Such displays facilitate assessment of an opponent's prowess and reduce the probability of physical injury. Color patterns likewise can serve as indicators of an individual's body condition. Male San Cristóbal Lava Lizards (Microlophus bivittatus) of the Galápagos Islands possess a black epaulet on each shoulder that contrasts with their surrounding body coloration. We created robots with the appearance of conspecific males to explore the potential function(s) of the epaulets in a series of four experiments. Our experiments focused on epaulet presence/absence, body location, and location relative to the axis of body motion (pectoral versus pelvic girdle) during pushups. Paired trials were conducted with adult males and females using a robot that performed M. bivittatus signature displays and that differed on its two sides in epaulet attributes. We quantified two kinds of bobbing displays in subjects: signature displays and two-bob displays. We also computed a composite response (CR) score, in which point values were assigned to types of nonbobbing displays and display combinations according to the apparent level of subject aggression. Results of Experiment 1 showed that males (but not females) performed more signature displays to the side of the robot with the epaulet present than to the side with the epaulet absent, suggesting that epaulets serve a signaling function. Composite response scores did not differ between treatments for either sex. In Experiment 2 neither males nor females performed more bobbing displays to an enlarged epaulet than to an epaulet reduced in size. However, males exhibited greater CR scores to the enlarged epaulet, suggesting that epaulet size or conspicuousness is important to its function. In Experiment 3 neither sex produced more bobbing displays to an epaulet on the robot's shoulder than to one on its hip. Yet, males accumulated significantly larger CR scores in response to the shoulder epaulet than to the hip epaulet, indicating that males were aware of normal epaulet location. Finally, in Experiment 4, where our robot performed hindlimb rather than forelimb pushups, subjects failed to exhibit more bobbing displays in response to a shoulder epaulet than to a hip epaulet. CR scores also did not differ between treatments for either sex, perhaps due to the striking abnormality of hindlimb-driven bobbing displays. Although the function of M. bivittatus epaulets remains elusive, these markings clearly are salient to male conspecifics.
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来源期刊
Herpetologica
Herpetologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Established in 1936, Herpetologica is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal serving herpetologists, biologists, ecologists, conservationists, researchers and the scientific community. The journal contains original research papers and essays about the biology of reptiles and amphibians, and covers many relevant topics including: behavior, conservation, ecology, genetics, morphology, physiology and taxonomy.
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