锂离子电池的回收途径:对发展现状、工艺性能和生命周期环境影响的批判性回顾

IF 3.3 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Ronja Wagner-Wenz, Albert-Jan van Zuilichem, L. Göllner-Völker, Katrin Berberich, A. Weidenkaff, L. Schebek
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引用次数: 6

摘要

本综述考察了锂离子电池三种主要回收途径的开发状况、工艺性能和生命周期环境影响,并考虑了欧盟(EU)立法变化的影响。如今,新的锂离子电池回收技术正在开发中,而回收目标的法律要求正在改变。因此,对这些技术的性能进行评估对政治、工业和研究中的利益相关者至关重要。我们评估了209种出版物,并比较了三种主要的回收途径。这项审查的一个重要方面是,我们通过引入明确的条款和制定结构方案来解决对这些回收路线进行批判性评估的必要性。我们的评估标准涵盖三个领域:开发状况、工艺性能和生命周期环境影响。关于发展现状,我们对当今市场进行了分析。工艺性能的一个标准是回收效率,今天的回收效率侧重于回收材料的质量。为了包括关键材料的贡献,我们增加了材料回收效率的标准。生命周期评估提供了关于总影响、替代原始材料的效益和净影响的信息。目前的生命周期评估侧重于废物管理,而不是关键材料的回收。这篇综述有助于理解这些权衡,并支持在目标冲突时讨论什么是“最佳”回收路线。图形摘要每个锂离子电池回收路线有三种可能的工艺顺序。对预处理步骤(灰色)、直接物理处理步骤(绿色)、热冶金处理(橙色)和湿法冶金处理(蓝色)进行了区分。该数字基于Doose等人的数字(Joule 3:2622–26462019)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Recycling routes of lithium-ion batteries: A critical review of the development status, the process performance, and life-cycle environmental impacts
This review examines the status of development, process performance and life cycle environmental impact of the three major recycling routes for lithium ion batteries and considers the impact of changes in legislation in the European Union (EU). Today, new lithium-ion battery-recycling technologies are under development while a change in the legal requirements for recycling targets is under way. Thus, an evaluation of the performance of these technologies is critical for stakeholders in politics, industry, and research. We evaluate 209 publications and compare three major recycling routes. An important aspect of this review is that we tackle the need for a critical evaluation of these recycling routes by introducing clear terms and creating a structuring scheme. Our evaluation criteria cover three areas: status of development, process performance, and life-cycle environmental impacts. With respect to development status, we provide an analysis of today’s market. A criterion of process performance is recycling efficiency, which today focuses on the mass of the recovered materials. To include the contributions of critical materials, we add a criterion for the efficiency of recovery of materials. Life-cycle assessments provide information on gross impacts, benefit of substituting virgin material and net impact. Present life-cycle assessments focus on waste management rather than on recovery of critical materials. This review contributes to an understanding of these trade-offs and supports discussion as to what is the “best” recycling route when targets conflict. Graphical Abstract There are three possible process sequences for each lithium-ion battery-recycling route. A distinction is made between pre-treatment steps (gray), direct physical treatment steps (green), pyro-metallurgical treatment (orange), and hydro-metallurgical treatment (blue). The figure is based on a figure from Doose et al. (Joule 3:2622–2646, 2019).
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来源期刊
MRS Energy & Sustainability
MRS Energy & Sustainability ENERGY & FUELS-
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
2.30%
发文量
36
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