Correlated Change: Comparing Modifications to Ceramic Assemblages from Qizlar Qalʾeh, Iran, and Ancient Merv, Turkmenistan, during the Seleucid and Parthian Periods

From the Seleucid period onward, substantial transformations occurred in the ceramic assemblages from Qizlar Qalʾeh on the Gorgan Plain and ancient Merv (modern Gyaur Kala). Using quantitative and archaeometric analyses, we assess and compare modifications in vessel repertoires, production techniques, and material sources across both sites to understand the nature and chronology of these changes. Similar technological developments are observed at Qizlar Qalʾeh and Merv, and are examined with regard to a potential Hellenistic reception in the ceramic material. Variations in the chronological distribution of innovations and assemblage composition help us to elucidate the neighborhood relations between eastern Iran and western Central Asia at this time. Our comparisons point toward a common cultural environment for both sites especially during the Early Parthian period, which is demonstrated in the many analogies of manufacturing techniques and vessel shapes. At the same time, we see different continuing local traditions, highlighting the flexible mode in which ceramic repertoires are adapted to the changing requirements under Hellenistic rule.