Label-based and label-free electrochemical DNA biosensors for the detection of viruses: A review

Nowadays, the rapid determination of several viruses is highly important. Most of the rapid detection of human pathogen viruses has been developed by using biosensor technology. The detection layer of the biosensor consists of short single-stranded DNA (probe) able to form a duplex with a complementary target nucleic acid fragment with high efficiency and specificity. The probe is associated with a transducer that translates the hybridization event into a physically measurable value based on electrochemical methods. Electrochemical DNA biosensors offer merits such as rapid response, portability, high sensitivity, ease of use, and low detection limit. This review provides an overview of label-based and label-free electrochemical DNA biosensors for the detection of viruses as well as their application in the past four years.