Acute effects of continuous and high-intensity interval exercise on executive function

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of 20-min of cycling exercise at varying exercise intensities on executive function performance. Participants (N = 107) completed a baseline measure of executive function (Stroop task [ST]) and a graded cardiovascular exercise test during Visit 1. During Visit 2, participants were randomized to groups and completed 20 min of activity involving: high-intensity interval exercise, high-, moderate- or very-light intensity continuous exercise, or no-exercise (control). The ST was performed immediately following the exercise/control manipulation and at 10-min post-manipulation. Results showed exercise positively influenced executive function immediately after exercising in all groups with the exception of the very-light intensity exercise group, while all groups showed significant improvements at 10-min post-exercise. Findings also revealed a significant difference between the moderate-intensity exercise group in comparison to the very-light intensity exercise group immediately post-exercise. Among the exercise stimuli investigated, results suggest moderate-intensity exercise provides the greatest beneficial effects on executive function immediately following exercise. Future research should focus on mechanisms that would account for enhanced executive function performance following acute exercise and dose–response effects.