M. Mîndrescu, Ancuta Petras, Vanessa Py-Saragaglia, Cécile Brun, Ionela Grădinaru, Nicolaie Hodor, Aurelian-Nicolae Roman, M. Danu
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Ombrotrophic peat bogs are sensitive to local environmental changes and, given that the deposition of allochthonous material is exclusively atmospheric, they are ideal archives for reconstructing charcoal fluxes resulting from biomass burning. This study quantifies charcoal abundance (number) in a peat sequence extracted from Tăul Mare ombrotrophic peat bog (Văratec Massif, Lăpuş Mts, north-western Romania) aiming to reconstruct local fire history over the last 3000 years and to explore potential drivers. As a novelty, observations concerning the morphology of charred fragments are added to provide additional information on the type of material burnt (woody vegetation or herbs), fire severity and charcoal source area, thus strengthening the interpretation of the charcoal record. Results showed moderate fire activity between 3000 and 2300 cal yr BP, which slightly decreased between 2300 and 700 cal yr BP and varied considerably throughout the last 700 years. Several major fire episodes were further identified around 2500, 1700, 1300, 900 and 500 cal yr BP. Of these, the first four overlapped two phases of progressive landscape opening and extension of pastoral activities, while the latter was unprecedented in the entire history of the bog and was likely associated with the development of mining activities in the area. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
火灾影响基本的生态系统过程,包括植被的分布、结构和组成,以及全球范围内的碳循环和气候。对于可持续的生态系统管理和生物多样性保护战略来说,有必要长期了解(即数百年或数千年)火情历史、森林火灾生态和当地环境的动态。木炭是重建火情历史和植被燃烧的一种广泛使用的替代品。木炭分析是基于火灾事件发生期间和发生后不久,湖泊和沼泽等沉积环境中烧焦颗粒的积累。大气营养泥炭沼泽对当地环境变化很敏感,而且考虑到外来物质的沉积完全是大气的,它们是重建生物质燃烧产生的木炭通量的理想档案。这项研究量化了从Tăul Mare ombrotophic泥炭沼泽(罗马尼亚西北部的Văratec Massif,LăpuşMts)提取的泥炭序列中的木炭丰度(数量),旨在重建当地过去3000年的火灾历史,并探索潜在的驱动因素。作为一项创新,增加了关于烧焦碎片形态的观察,以提供关于燃烧材料类型(木本植被或草本植物)、火灾严重程度和木炭来源区域的额外信息,从而加强了对木炭记录的解释。结果显示,3000至2300卡年BP之间的火灾活动中等,2300至700卡年BP期间略有下降,在过去700年中变化很大。英国石油公司在2500、1700、1300、900和500卡年左右进一步确认了几起重大火灾。其中,前四个阶段重叠了渐进式景观开放和田园活动扩展的两个阶段,而后者在整个沼泽历史上是前所未有的,可能与该地区采矿活动的发展有关。这项研究首次在罗马尼亚的火灾历史重建中补充使用木炭形态,并为过去人类对中海拔山区景观的影响程度提供了一个有价值的视角。
THE COMPLEMENTARY USE OF CHARCOAL NUMBER AND MORPHOLOGY TO RECONSTRUCT FIRE HISTORY IN A LATE HOLOCENE PEAT SEQUENCE FROM NW ROMANIA
Fires influence basic ecosystem processes, including the distribution, the structure and the composition of vegetation, as well as the carbon cycle and climate at the global scale. Long-term knowledge (i.e., centuries or millennia) of fire regime history and forest fire ecology and dynamic in local environments is necessary for sustainable ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation strategies. Charcoal is a widely used proxy for reconstructing fire regime history and vegetation burning. Charcoal analysis is based on the accumulation of charred particles in depositional environments such as lakes and bogs, during and shortly after the occurrence of fire events. Ombrotrophic peat bogs are sensitive to local environmental changes and, given that the deposition of allochthonous material is exclusively atmospheric, they are ideal archives for reconstructing charcoal fluxes resulting from biomass burning. This study quantifies charcoal abundance (number) in a peat sequence extracted from Tăul Mare ombrotrophic peat bog (Văratec Massif, Lăpuş Mts, north-western Romania) aiming to reconstruct local fire history over the last 3000 years and to explore potential drivers. As a novelty, observations concerning the morphology of charred fragments are added to provide additional information on the type of material burnt (woody vegetation or herbs), fire severity and charcoal source area, thus strengthening the interpretation of the charcoal record. Results showed moderate fire activity between 3000 and 2300 cal yr BP, which slightly decreased between 2300 and 700 cal yr BP and varied considerably throughout the last 700 years. Several major fire episodes were further identified around 2500, 1700, 1300, 900 and 500 cal yr BP. Of these, the first four overlapped two phases of progressive landscape opening and extension of pastoral activities, while the latter was unprecedented in the entire history of the bog and was likely associated with the development of mining activities in the area. This study provides the first complementary use of charcoal morphologies in fire history reconstruction in Romania and adds a valuable perspective on the extent of past human impact on the mid-elevation mountain landscape.
期刊介绍:
The publishing of CARPATHIAN JOURNAL of EARTH and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES has started in 2006. The regularity of this magazine is biannual. The magazine will publish scientific works, in international purposes, in different areas of research, such as : geology, geography, environmental sciences, the environmental pollution and protection, environmental chemistry and physic, environmental biodegradation, climatic exchanges, fighting against natural disasters, protected areas, soil degradation, water quality, water supplies, sustainable development.